Competition Law And Consumer Protection Case Study

Rivalry Law And Consumer Protection - Case Study Example Purchasers are currently characterized as individuals who purchase for purposes random to their exchange, business or calling. According to the rule, buyers must be sold products of agreeable quality, in the wake of considering depiction, cost and other important conditions. In the event that a thing is imperfect at the hour of offer, which is alluded to as an inactive or intrinsic shortcoming, at that point the customer stop a protest on the disclosure of such a deformity. Shoppers won't be qualified for a legitimate cure in regard of: The condition as set out in The Sale of Goods Act 1979, in regard of merchantable nature of the products, indicates that the suggested terms, where the vender sells merchandise over the span of a business, there is an inferred term that the products provided under the agreement are of merchantable quality aside from that there is no such condition. In Thornett and Fehr v Beer and Son, the purchaser got a few barrels of vegetable paste from the vender without appropriately examining the substance, however every open door for doing so was offered by the dealer. The court concluded that in the event that there has been some assessment, at that point the purchaser can't grumble about imperfections which a full assessment would have revealed4. The Sale of Goods Act 1979 characterizes suggested terms with respect to sensible wellness of direction as the offer of merchandise by a dealer over the span of a business and the purchaser, explicitly or by suggestion, makes it known to the vender or where the price tag or part of it is payable by portions and the products were recently sold by a credit agent to the vender to that credit broker5. In Griffiths v Peter Conway ltd, it was held by the court that unique reason must be imparted explicitly or by implication6. This was likewise repeated in Slater v Finning7. On the off chance that there is just one reason for which something is purchased, at that point the wellness of its motivation is inferred.

Professional Sports and Michael Pore Essay Example for Free

Pro athletics and Michael Pore Essay Competitors are nearly as terrible of good examples as crooks. Competitors get called good examples a great deal yet they don't fit the meaning of a good example. Competitors set awful models for teenagers. They settle on poor decisions and are effectively pardoned because of their athletic capacities. Competitors are terrible good examples for youngsters and children in light of the fact that a great deal of competitors have unfortunate propensities, set ridiculous desires, and set awful models. Despite their capacities, competitors are bad good examples for anybody of all ages. Numerous competitors have unfortunate propensities like medication use, battling, and betting. Laura K. Egendorf says numerous ridiculous desires are set; not every person can become renowned or an expert competitor. Such a large number of adolescents and children admire significant competitors so they ought not be setting the terrible models that they are setting (Laura K. Egendorf, 64). Not exclusively are they setting awful models yet they have unfortunate propensities also. Likewise, as youngsters develop more established they read about their competitor saint and their negative behavior patterns. Michael A. Pore states that any law breaking or wrong thing an expert competitor does, there is a story posted in paper, on the web, or even said on TV. Michael Jordan had a betting issue, Sammy Sosa had a steroid issue, and Riddick Bowe had a battling issue (Michael A. Pore, 41). A few youngsters acknowledge competitors are bad good examples. Proficient competitors are handily excused for their missteps. Notwithstanding, proficient competitors set terrible models for teenagers and youthful competitors. Michael A. Pore expresses that competitors are excessively effectively excused for their awful conduct. You don’t need to utilize medications to be acceptable at something. They feel cash comes effectively, however cash isn't all that matters and doesn't come without any problem. Competitors send unfortunate messages to kids; in the event that you purchase a specific item the competitor advances, you won't perform better (Michael A. Pore, 40). Not every person will play out the manner in which proficient competitors do and get celebrated. In Addition, competitors set ridiculous desires for the teenagers and children admiring them. Not every person can and will turn into an expert competitor. Not very many individuals will make a large number of dollars a year only for playing a game. Michael A. Pore says adolescents feel on the off chance that they wear a brand advanced by a competitor they will fit in with the remainder of the players playing the game. For the children admiring the expert competitors, they believe they need to look as solid as them or be as strong as them to plat the game well (Michael A. Pore, 43). A couple of competitors get their strong look from steroids, not real quality. Be that as it may, steroid use isn't that awful on occasion. In the article, Athletes Are Role Models it states; If you lack the capacity to deal with training, steroids improve your exhibition. Steroids cause you to feel better when you do well in your game. Nobody will know whether you do it every so often (http://www. ickscorner. com). Steroids can help anybody any age. Regardless, nobody of all ages should utilize steroids. Steroids are an unlawful substance and in the event that you get discovered utilizing them you can get a gigantic fine or even prison time. In the event that you use steroids, you are simply deceiving yourself and the game. In addition to the fact that steroid uses get looked down on it slaughters synapses (http://gathering. working out. com). In the event that you don't have the opportunity to practice and feel like that is motivation to utilize steroids and perform better, than you ought not have the opportunity to be in the group. In like manner, competitors can set practical desires and help youngsters and children go for their fantasies. Laura K. Egendorf clarifies how most little youngsters and teenagers need to be well known when they are more seasoned; proficient competitors assist them with going after that fantasy. As adolescents develop more seasoned, they keep on viewing their preferred proficient competitor. Watching them do well in a game will make adolescents need to perform like them (Laura K. Egendorf, 64). Proficient competitors rake in some serious cash only for playing a game, however cash isn't all that matters. Then again, numerous children and youngsters get spurred yet is it reasonable? Not very many individuals on the planet become well known. The odds of turning into an expert competitor are tiny; there are around 301,000,000 individuals in the United States and just around 17,000 expert competitors. â€Å"http://discussion. weight training. com† resembling an expert competitor isn't in every case great; drugs are not something beneficial for an adolescent to get into. Thus, competitors ought not be good examples for anybody of all ages; they have negative behavior patterns, set ridiculous desires, and set awful models. A great deal of competitors have negative behavior patterns like steroid use and betting. Proficient competitors set ridiculous models, not every person can and will be acclaimed. Numerous terrible models are set inside competitors. Individuals get roused for ridiculous dreams. Competitors can show youngsters how to attempt to accomplish in sports yet they can’t help with schoolwork or true family issues, they ought not be viewed as good examples.

How to Stop Procrastinating

How to Stop Procrastinating So youve put off the big project until the very last day, and now youre rushing to finish it before 11:59 pm. Or you keep not calling your dad for your weekly talks, and you suddenly realize you havent talked in two weeks. Or your mom told you to do the FAFSA, and you keep not doing it because if you ask for last years tax information now, shell know you havent done it yet. And yes, these are all personal examples. Ah procrastination, the murderer of good night sleeps and the cause of daytime stress. And yet we cant stop. Had I written this post in a reasonable amount of time, this would be a more uplifting, optimistic, get off your butt and work! blog. But because this was left to the very last minute, my Psych class read a New York Times article just on this subject. So now were here to help you figure out why we procrastinate and hopefully give you the tools to stop it. Why do we procrastinate? When we think of procrastination, we often think of ourselves as lazy or unmotivated. In reality, it goes a lot deeper than that. Procrastination is about how we feel, and were more likely to procrastinate if youre in a bad mood or the thing youre procrastinating makes you feel bad. And its not like, I dont like doing math so Im not going to do my Calculus homework. Rather, its, Doing this homework makes me feel stupid and like I dont belong in this class, so Im not going to do it. These bits of self-doubt and anxiety and insecurity are what incline us to procrastinate. So to avoid feeling bad, we procrastinate even though we know that doesnt fix our problems. The entire time were procrastinating, were aware that were putting off things that actually need to be done. But procrastination is all about our brains trying to make us feel better short-term. It isnt considering how much more stressed well be when we only have an hour to finish something when we technically had all day to do it. It also doesnt account for how much we blame ourselves for our own downfall. In the end, were left feeling even worse than before and the cycle continues. So how do I stop? Because procrastination is about stopping bad feelings, you have to find real solutions to feeling better. Studies have shown that forgiving yourself for procrastinating leaves you less likely to procrastinate in the future. It allows you to stop focusing on the mistakes of your past and move forward to new things. Another similar method is using self-compassion and being nicer to yourself. If you procrastinate and something ends up turning out worse than you thought it would, dont spend the day shaming yourself for making a mistake. Instead, remember that were all humans and were all imperfect. A more technical solution is to make the devices of your procrastination harder to use. Make the password on your phone more complicated or put your laptop really far away so if you wanna use Netflix you have to really travel to get it. Little things like that will lessen the mental incentive to procrastinate. Or the opposite of that is removing every obstacle to doing your work. Make Compass your homepage or keep your textbooks right next to your bed. Make it so easy to do your work that you cant not do it. Conclusion Procrastination is something that everyone struggles with. I procrastinated writing this blog post until the day it was due, and I am procrastinating several other things at this very moment. But understanding why we procrastinate and using these tools can get us that much closer to not procrastinating. studying Jada Class of 2022 I'm a journalism major with an interest in film and television. In my spare time I blow bubbles on the Quad, write blogs and reviews for various websites, and douse myself in glitter to dance at obscure music festivals. That last one's not for attention, I just like glitter.

The History of How Time Zones Came to Be

Prior to the late nineteenth century, time keeping was a purely local phenomenon. Each town would set their clocks to noon when the sun reached its zenith each day. A clockmaker or town clock would be the official time and the citizens would set their pocket watches and clocks to the time of the town. Enterprising citizens would offer their services as mobile clock setters, carrying a watch with the accurate time to adjust the clocks in customers homes on a weekly basis. Travel between cities meant having to change ones pocket watch upon arrival. However, once railroads began to operate and move people rapidly across great distances, time became much more critical. In the early years of the railroads, the schedules were very confusing because each stop was based on a different local time. The standardization of time was essential to efficient operation of railroads. The History of the Standardization of Time Zones In 1878, Canadian Sir Sandford Fleming proposed the system of worldwide time zones that we use today. He recommended that the world be divided into twenty-four time zones, each spaced 15 degrees of longitude apart. Since the earth rotates once every 24 hours and there are 360 degrees of longitude, each hour the earth rotates one-twenty-fourth of a circle or 15 degrees of longitude. Sir Flemings time zones were heralded as a brilliant solution to a chaotic problem worldwide. United States railroad companies began utilizing Flemings standard time zones on November 18, 1883. In 1884 an International Prime Meridian Conference was held in Washington D.C. to standardize time and select the prime meridian. The conference selected the longitude of Greenwich, England as zero degrees longitude and established the 24 time zones based on the prime meridian. Although the time zones had been established, not all countries switched immediately. Though most U.S. states began to adhere to the Pacific, Mountain, Central, and Eastern time zones by 1895, Congress didnt make the use of these time zones mandatory until the Standard Time Act of 1918. How Different Regions of the Word Use Time Zones Today, many countries operate on variations of the time zones proposed by Sir Fleming. All of China (which should span five time zones) uses a single time zone -- eight hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (known by the abbreviation UTC, based on the time zone running through Greenwich at 0 degrees longitude). Australia uses three time zones -- its central time zone is a half-hour ahead of its designated time zone. Several countries in the Middle East and South Asia also utilize half-hour time zones. Since time zones are based on segments of longitude and lines of longitude narrow at the poles, scientists working at the North and South Poles simply use UTC time. Otherwise, Antarctica would be divided into 24 very thin time zones! The time zones of the United States are standardized by Congress and although the lines were drawn to avoid populated areas, sometimes theyve been moved to avoid complication. There are nine time zones in the U.S. and its territories, they include Eastern, Central, Mountain, Pacific, Alaska, Hawaii-Aleutian, Samoa, Wake Island, and Guam. With the growth of the Internet and global communication and commerce, some have advocated a new worldwide time system.

A Hero Oskar Schindler Essay - 971 Words

How is a hero defined? A quote from ERAGON and it is about what a true hero is â€Å"He threw him-self in front of Eragon, his mouth open in a soundless snarl. The dagger struck him with a soft thump, and he landed heavily on his shoulder† (Eragon 266). This is an example of a true hero. Brom could have save himself and leave Eragon to die, but he chose to get the dagger in his side. Brom did not care if he died, only that Eragon live this is what a true hero is. To many people, Oskar Schindler is one of the greatest heroes because he saved many Jewish lives during the Holocaust. First this is about Oskar Schindler life and death. Oskar Schindler was born on the year of 1908 in April on 28 in Svitavy in Moravia Ca province of the Austro†¦show more content†¦Then he found out about how the Nazis treated the Jewish people. Oskar was so disgusted by the sheer cruelty that the Jewish people when through. In the beginning after he found out Oskar began to save as mining Jews people went through. Oskar also made sure that no ammunition was produced or was to be used in the war. Oskar also made his factory was a place a refuge for the Jewish people (1). Next it will be about how Oskar treated the Jewish people. Oskar Schindler treated the Jewish people nicer and better that the Nazi treated the Jewish people. Oskar did not beat the Jewish people when they did something wrong. The Nazis would beat the Jewish people if they did something wrong. Oskar did not kill the Jewish people at all. The Nazis would kill the Jewish people if they could not work, and if they were too young or too old. Oskar treated the Jewish people nicer by feeding them more. Oskar also made sure the Jewish people were not murdered or deported. Oskar made the Jewish people a place where they could live, and also moved his factory to save his Jewish workers (2, 3, and 5). Oskar Schindler was kind to the Jewish people. Following is about how Oskar Schindler paid the Jewish people. During the Holocaust Oskar Schindler paid the Jewish people and started to think about the treatment of Jewish people. Oskar Schindler paid women $4,000 more than men. Oskar paid men $14,000 U.S. dollars. Oskar Schindler paid women $18,000 US dollars. OskarShow MoreRelated Oskar Schindler: A Hero Study Essay1066 Words   |  5 Pages CONFLICT AND RELEVANT BACKGROUND Oskar Schindler faced many conflicts in his life. The main conflict he faced was overcoming the Nazis and saving over one thousand Jewish People. Schindler, with out a job at the time, joined the Nazi Party and followed on the heels of the SS when the Germans invaded Poland. This is when Schindler took over two previously Jewish owned companies that dealt with the manufacture and sales of enamel kitchenware products and opened up his own enamel shop right outsideRead MoreEssay on A Hero649 Words   |  3 PagesA Hero What is a hero? Is it a rock star or an athlete? A famous speaker or activist? Or is it someone so ordinary that does extraordinary things? A hero can be someone who loves and cares for you, or someone you look up to. Someone that risks their life for others is definitely a hero, that someone is Oskar Schindler. Oskar is a hero to over 6,000 Jews currentlyRead MoreThe Audience Of The Life, Achievements, And Legacy Of Nazi World War II1075 Words   |  5 Pagesthe life, achievements, and legacy of Nazi World War II hero, Oskar Schindler. Introduction I. 6 million people. 6 million innocent people died in the Holocaust. Now I want you to ask yourself, if you were alive to witness this period of mass genocide and had the opportunity to save even one innocent life, even if it meant risking your own, would you have? The answer to this very question is what forever defines Oskar Schindler s legacy II. Many of you may know of him through Liam NeesonRead MoreOskar Schindler Saved Jews during World War II822 Words   |  3 Pages Oskar Schindler was a hero in World War II. He endured many conflicts. The main battle he faced was during World War II. During World War II, Oskar Schindler was a German businessman who saved Jews in Poland and Czechoslovakia from death by employing them in his factory (â€Å"Oskar Schindler† 362). World War II began on September 1, 1939 (Colby 546). The War lasted for six years between the Axis powers, Germany, Italy, Japan, and the Allied powers, Great Britain, France, Soviet UnionRead MoreSchindler’s List directed by Steven Spielberg, Oskar Schindler 669 Words   |  3 PagesA hero is a man who, in the opinion of others, is greatly admired for his brave deeds and fine qualities. A hero is a man who, in the opinion of others, is greatly admired for his brave deeds and fine qualities. In Schindler’s List directed by Steven Spielberg, Oskar Schindler is regarded as a great hero amongst many Jews regardless of the fact that he is a German Nazi, because he saves the generations and lives of 1,200 Jews during the Holocaust. The Holocaust was the systematic mass murder of aboutRead MoreSchindler s List Essay example621 Words   |  3 Pagesidea  directly  relates  to  German  industrialist  Oskar  Schindler  and  his  character’s   transformation  throughout  the  Steven  Spielberg  directed  film  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹ Schindler’s  List​ .  Oskar  Schindler   was  a  Nazi  member  who  saved  over  a  thousand  lives  during  the  Holocaust  by  employing   Jewish  prisoners  to  work  at  his  factories.  Although  this  act  of  utter  courage  and  selflessness   definitely  gave  Schindler  a  remarkable  reputation,  his  flaws  were  what  helped  him  achieve   such  greatness.  In  the  movie  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹ Schindler’s  List​ ,  Oskar  Schindler’s  excessive  drinkingRead More Oskar Schindlers Actions During the Holocaust Essay examples1534 Words   |  7 PagesOskar Schindlers Actions During the Holocaust The Holocaust usually refers to Nazi Germanys systematic genocide of various peoples during the Second World War, the main target of this designed massacre being the Jews. Approximately 6 million Jews became the victims of this fanatical racism, slaughter, and cruelty. However, in all this madness, there were still a few people with sound conscience and courage to act against these atrocities. The most famous of these heroes would be Oskar SchindlerRead MoreEssay Schindlers List1736 Words   |  7 Pagespersecution and horrific killings of the Jewish people. It also exemplifies the hope and will of the Jewish people, which undoubtedly is a factor in the survival of their race. The most important factor however is because of the willingness of one man, Oskar Schindler, to stand out and make a difference. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The movie starts out in a Jewish home, where a Jewish family is celebrating the Sabbath. Candles are lit while songs are sung, and when the Jews leave the house, the candles slowlyRead More Schindlers List Essay709 Words   |  3 Pages Schindler’s List nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Oskar Schindler was a wealthy German industrialist, who made much of his wealth by employing Jewish men and women in his various factories. In the movie â€Å" Schindler’s List,† it starts off with Schindler in a restaurant with many high ranking Nazi officers eating there. He starts off by buying a officer a bottle of expensive wine, but it does not end there. Before the night is gone he has boughten dinner for all of the officers. This is how he madeRead MoreAnalysis Of Oskar Schindlers Changing Identity1732 Words   |  7 PagesPart I: Oskar Schindler’s Changing Identity: 1. Oskar Schindler’s identity drastically changes from the beginning to the end of the movie. At first, Schindler was a greedy, selfish, and rich man, who was a member of the Nazi party and profited from the war. He also was a womanizer who constantly cheated on his wife. He only cared about making money and he only hired Jewish workers because they were cheaper. He saved his workers initially because he did not want to pay to train other workers and protected

Consumer Protection Law of Uae Free Essays

Consumer Protection Law of UAE In United Arab Emirates; a new federal consumer protection law has been promulgated. Under which a consumer protection committee formed to monitor the prices of consumer goods. The provisions of the laws advocate the principle of healthy competition and fighting monopoly and commercial fraudulence. We will write a custom essay sample on Consumer Protection Law of Uae or any similar topic only for you Order Now The new legislation is complementing other laws concerning civil procedures, commercial fraudulence, commercial agencies, industry organization and trading in precious gems and metals.Disregarding any provisions of these laws could lead to violation of other related laws and this itself is enough to ensure strict enforcements. The law No: 6 of 2006 covers and tackles issues relating to the rights of consumer, responsibilities and liabilities and specifying penalties to be imposed on people for selling substandard goods. Under the law, a consumer protection higher committee will be constituted under the chairmanship of the Minister of Economy. The Committee will also comprise of representative of the Consumer Protection Societies.The Committee formation and determination of its powers will be decided by a resolution of the cabinet. In case of a crisis or extraordinary circumstances in the market leading to price hikes, the minister will recommend procedures to curb such price increases and protect consumer’s interests. A new Consumer Protection Department (CPD) will also established at the Ministry of Economy (MOE) with a mandate to supervise the execution of the general policy for the protection of consumer in cooperation with the authorities.The Key responsibilities of CPD includes; 1. To supervise the implementation of policies designed to protect Consumers in cooperation with the concerned authorities in the State. 2. To coordinate with the concerned authorities in the State in order to cope with the unlawful commercial practices detrimental to the Consumer. 3. To coordinate with the concerned authorities to heighten Consumer awareness in the State about the commodities and Services, along with having the Consumers acquainted with their rights and the methods of the claims thereof. 4.To monitor Price movements and curb Price increases. 5. To achieve the principle of the honest competition and fight monopoly. 6. To receive complaints from Consumers and refer them to the concerned authorities or otherwise take the necessary action(s) prescribed in the Department’s mandate. A Complaint may be filled directly by the Consumer or through the consumer protection association, when such acts as the representative of the particular Consumer. 7. To publish and distribute the decision and recommendations designed to raise Consumer awareness.The key responsibilities of the (CPD) includes increasing the consumer’s awareness, monitor the movement of prices and control their increase, combat monopoly, to receive consumers complaints and adopt appropriate action. The law states that the Provider shall upon offering any commodity to consumers shall prominently display in the cover of the commodity or on the packet a label the particulars of the product including date of production,or packing, net weight, country of origin, expiry date, compnents and specifications of product etc.The Provider shall also prominently display the price of the product either in the label or at the place where the commodity is displayed. The consumer shall also have the right to receive a dated bill for the product with paticlulars such as price, type etc. The laws warrants the conformity of the product or the service provided to the consumer with the declared and approved standardized specifications. As per the law, the supplier is prohibited to display or promote counterfeited commodities that would inflict damages or losses on consumers.According to the new law, a consumer will be entitled to be indemnified against personal or financial damages in accordance wit h the general rules in force. Any agreement in contravention therewith be null and void. Concerning commercial and trade agencies, the law says that each commercial agent or distributor shall honour all guidance provided by the manufacturer or the trade agent of the commodity. The law also obliges the provider to provide for repair, maintain or provide service to the product after sales and to replace a product if a defect is found in the product within a specific time period.The law also confer legal capcity to CPD to represent the Consumers before the Courts and any other body prescribed by law. Without prejudicing the rights of the parties to go to the Court, the department can also proceed with any settlement to protect the consumers’ interest. According to law, those found guilty of violating the provision will face a fine of not les than Dhs. 1,000/-. In case a supplier or a distributor fails to unequivocally warn against the hazards associated with use of the commodity or the service causing damages penalty will be not less than Dhs. 0,000/-. The new law is a milestone in serving the interests of the consumers in protecting their basic rights against unfair trade practices, unscrupulous exploitation etc and their right to seek redressal against such practices. The law guarantee the consumers right to be heard and to be assured that consumers interests will receive due consideration at the appropriate forum. Environmental Law in the UAE The body of Environmental Law in the UAE comprises Federal Laws and Local Orders issued at municipal level within certain of the Emirates.The UAE also recognises certain international conventions and protocols. A list of the Laws is provided in the appendix to this article. In this article we deal broadly with the provisions of Federal Law No. (24) of 1999 for the Protection and Development of the Environment (â€Å"Law No. 24†) which forms the backbone of the Environmental Law within the UAE. We also deal more specifically with Environmental Impact Assessments, the procedure relating thereto and the institutions charged with the responsibility for implementing the Law. Law No. 24The objectives and general principles of this Law are the following: Protection and conservation of the quality and natural balance of the environment. Control of all forms of pollution and avoidance of any immediate or long-term harmful effects resulting from planning for economic, agricultural or industrial development or other programs aimed at improving life standards. Co-ordination among the FEA, competent authorities and parties concerned with the protection of the environment and conservation and consolidation of environmental awareness and principles of pollution control. Development of natural resources and conservation of biological diversity in the UAE and exploitation of such resources with consideration of present and future generations. Protection of society, the health of human beings and other living creatures from any activities and acts which are environmentally harmful or impede authorised use of the environmental setting. Protection of the UAE environment from the harmful effects of activities undertaken outside the region of the UAE.Compliance with international and regional conventions ratified or approved by the UAE regarding environmental protection, control of pollution and conservation of natural resources. Law No. 24 and the Executive Order published pursuant to Cabinet Resolution No. (37) of 2001 deals comprehensively with all aspects of environmental protection relating to projects; the marine environment and pollution thereof; liability and compensation for environmental damage; rotection of drinking and underground water; air po llution; disposal of hazardous waste; disposal of medical waste, pesticides, agricultural fixers and fertilisers; nature reserves; the protection of wildlife, as well as the penalties imposed for contravention of any provisions of the aforesaid. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) According to Law No. 24, any entity that wishes to undertake a project within the UAE which may have an impact upon the environment must apply to the Federal Environmental Agency (FEA) or the relevant competent local authority for a license.The FEA in co-ordination with the competent authority undertake the evaluation of the environmental impact of projects. The procedure is as follows: The applicant shall attach with his application a complete statement on the project or activity intended to be undertaken including all information required in accordance with the Executive Order and forms included therein. The FEA in coordination with the competent authority shall decide on the application within a period not exceeding one month from the date of submission of the application.The applicant shall be notified of the decision and reasons for rejection of his application if rejected. The period stated above may be extended by one month if the nee d arises. Owners of projects or establishments approved by license shall undertake the regular analysis of waste and monitor the properties of discharge and pollutants generated from such projects, including degradable materials and keep monitoring records as well as send reports with the results to the FEA and the competent authorities. Federal Environmental Agency (FEA) The Federal Environmental Agency was established pursuant to Federal Law No. 7) of 1993 for the Establishment of the Federal Environmental Agency.The Law sets out the objectives of the FEA being inter alia: To protect and develop the environment: To determine the necessary plans and policies to safeguard it from damaging activities, particularly  Ã‚   Appendix The Environmental Laws in the UAE and International Protocols Federal Laws Federal Law No. 7 of 1993 for the Establishment of the Federal Environmental Agency (as amended by Federal Law No. 30 of 2001). Federal Law No. 24 of 1999 for the Protection and Development of the Environment and its Executive Order. Federal Law No. 3 of 1999 concerning Exploitation, Conservation and Development of Living Aquatic Resources. Federal Law No. 1 of 2002 for the Regulation and Control of the Use of Radiation Sources and Against Their Hazards Federal Law No. 11 of 2002 for Regulating and Controlling the International Trade in Species of Wild Fauna Flora. Abu Dhabi Local Environmental Laws Law No. 16 of 2005 pertaining to the Reorganisation of the Abu Dhabi Environment Agency. Law No. 21 of 2005 for Waste Management in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. Law No. 28 of 2005 which is a Law Establishing the Abu Dhabi Authority for Culture Heritage.The above local laws, reference to the federal laws and the protocols can be found on http://www. ead. ae/en Dubai Environmental Laws Local Order No. 61 of 1991, a local order issued by the Municipal Council still governs environmental law at a local level. Federal Law will prevail in the event of conflict and contradiction. Local Order No. 11 of 2003 regarding Public Health and Safety of Society has replaced the specific provisions in Local Order 61 of 1991 relating to public health. Local Order No. 11 of 2003 supersedes Local Order No. 1 of 1991 in parts only (with the exception of specific provisions relating to public health and safety). We were informed by the Head of the Environment section in Dubai Municipality that a new Local Order will be issued soon. This local order will complement Local Order No. 11 of 2003 and replace Local Order 61 of 1991 in its entirety. The above local orders can be found on the below link: http://vgn. dm. gov. ae/DMEGOV/dm-legislation-localorder-a; and http://vgn. dm. gov. ae/DMEGOV/dm-legislation-order2004-a There were also amendments issued in 2004 to the Local Order No. 11 of 2003.This Local Order and its amendments can be found on Dubai Municipality ‘s website in Arabic. Please see the above links. The Municipality is currently finalizing the Executive Regulations for Local Order No. 11 of 2003 as well as a separate Local Order to be drafted for Occupational Health and Safety in Dubai . Local Order No. 7 for the year 2002 on Management of Waste Disposal Sites in the Emirate of Dubai. Local Order No. 8 of 2002 regarding Sewerage, Irrigation and Water Drainage in the Emirate of Dubai. The DM’s technical guidelines and circulars can be found on the DM’s website. Sharjah Environmental Laws Sharjah has issued Environmental guidelines pursuant to Law No. 24 of 1999 relating to specific industries, which are as follows; Environmental Guidelines for the Paint and Varnishes Related Industries. Environmental Guidelines for the Aluminium Industry. Environmental Guidelines for the Plastic and Melamine Industry Environmental Guidelines for Laundries. Environmental Guidelines for the Jewellery Industry. Environmental Guidelines for the Electroplating Industry. Environmental Guidelines for Garages and Car Wash Facilities. How to cite Consumer Protection Law of Uae, Essays

Business Laws and Ethics Australian Contract Law

Question: Discuss about the Business Laws and Ethicsfor Australian Contract Law. Answer: Issue Whether La Trobe University would be liable to pay for the sum which was due on the invoice or not? Rule A lawfully binding promise, a set of promises and an agreement which was done among two individuals could be regarded as a valid contract.[1] Agreements of such kind could be initiated in both a written and a verbal way. The only positive point which was considered by people in order to constitute a written contract more preferably was that in such agreements a proof could be established which could not be done with verbal contracts. But it does not mean that the verbal contracts were invalid, both the written and the verbal contracts have equal applicability and validity.[2] There have been five essential elements which were essentially required for formation of a lawfully binding agreement such as: There must be a proposal and acceptance should be made and a agreement must be made among two individuals;[3] There must be a price paid for a promise and offer which was made; Capacity to enter into lawful relations; There must be intention to enter into a lawful relation by the parties and it must be understood in the same thing in the same sense.[4] The agreement has to be complete, definite and binding upon both the parties to the agreement. In the case of Smith v Hughes [1871] LR 6 QB 597 [5]it was concluded that it has been affirmed that if one of the individuals who were party to the contract proposes to make a contract on one set of conditions, and the other aims to make an agreement on another set of conditions.[6] As it was occasionally articulated, if the individuals who were parties to the contract were not ad idem then there would be no contract, unless the situations were such as to prevent one of the individuals from denying that he has established to the conditions of the other individual. Although in the case of Raffles v Wichelhaus (1864) 2 H C 906 [7]it was concluded that, if two individuals enter into an evident agreement relating to a specific individual or ship, and it turns out that each of the two individuals, deluded by a resemblance of name, had a dissimilar individual or ship in his mind, no agreement would exist between them. At last it could be confirmed by looking in an established case of Tamplin v James (1880) 15 ch d 215[8] that if an individual would not take rational care to determine what that individual was contracting about then that individual must bear the consequences. So, the intention of the parties must be lawful and must be similar i..e there must be meeting of minds between two parties for the same thing in the same sense in order to initiate a agreement. Application The parties to the current situation have contracted with each other so it was assumed that they intend to create lawful relations between themselves. There were no facts to counter this assumption and at the same time they have made an oral contract. As mentioned above that if the parties to the contract have different intentions and do not intend and agree on the same situations and conditions in the same way as it was offered then there would be no contact. So, in this case as the police wanted a extra payment which it mentioned clearly to the university before granting the services but the same was not intended in the same sense by the university. As it thought that it was the duty of police to give services and hence university would not pay extra cost for the services. And it was the university who supposed that it was the obligation of the police to protect the people of the state so there would be no additional price which would be paid. Conclusion Therefore, it could be concluded that yes, the La Trobe University would be liable to pay for the sum which was due on the invoice i.e the extra cost as the same was intended and mentioned to the university by the police. As the services which would be interpreted in a different way by the university even after the clear mentioned term of extra payment which was made by the police. So, the University has to pay the cost which was asked by the police officials at the time of contract. Issue Whether a lawfully binding agreement been made among Mr. Dowell and Dodgy Accounts Associates or not? Rule In order to create a valid agreement or a contract there must be 6 elements that must be satisfied for the formation of an agreement between two or more individuals.[9] In the absence of any of the one element a contract would not be said to be binding on the individual who were parties to the contract.[10] The elements were as follows: There must be agreement which have been initiated between the parties which commonly included a proposal and a acceptance;[11] There must be a price paid or consideration for a promise which was made by the individuals who were party to a contract; The parties must have the lawful ability to enter into a binding contractual association; The agreement must convene any principles which were set out in statute for it to be lawfully binding; It must be sufficiently complete and appropriately recognize the privileges and the duties of both of the individuals.[12] An acceptance of an agreement or a allowance of a authorization to a agreement or proposal which was made could be made by way of post. In the case of Entorres v Miles Far East [1955] 2 QB 327 [13] it was clearly stated that with observance to a valid recognition there has been a rule which should be applied i.e. the acceptance or the approval must be communicated to the other party before it was successful. Similarly, there has been a omission to the rule of acceptance and its communication i.e the postal rule. According to the postal rule, where a letter was appropriately concentrated on and imprinted then the acceptance would come into effect as soon as the letter was placed in the post box. Although, the rule of postal rule was established in the case of Adams v Lindsell (1818) 106 ER 250[14] in which the tribunals concluded that a a agreement would be valid as soon as it came in to persistence at the same point of time when the letter of acceptance was posted by a party in the post box. An fascinating insinuation of the process of the posting rule was provided in the case of Byrne v Van Tienhoven (1880) 5 CPD 344[15] where it was clearly stated that an approval would be absolute once the letter of acceptance was posted because it makes no disparity whether the other party essentially receives the letter or not. In another matter of Henthorn v Fraser 1892[16] it was concluded that, "Where the situations were such that it must have been within the consideration of the individuals that, as per the normal practice of a human, the post might be utilized as a way of communicating the acceptance of a proposal, the acceptance was complete as soon as it was posted." Application As in this case Dowell as soon as he received the letter of appointment replied to the letter and granted his acceptance by posting the letter by notifying Mr. Welwisha that he would be willing to join but on a specific date on the offer that Dowell has been chosen as the senior accountant for his firm in reaction of which letter was posted by Mr. Dowell by post who sent an acceptance to him. So, in this situation the postal rule would be applicable. And the approval for the proposal was provided as specified above after which the verdict was distorted. Conclusion Therefore, it could be accomplished that yes, a justifiably binding agreement was constricted in between Dodgy Accounts Associates and Mr. Dowell as all of the indispensable ingredients which forms a lawful binding agreement were nearby there and as per the postal rule which has been described above the approval was given by post which was also suitable and legalized acceptance which would institute a lawful agreement. So, it could be long-established that when the committee of the corporation met again after the proposal was sent to Dowell they made a pronouncement that Dowell would not be prearranged now for the organization for which he was projected to be preferred then the people would be a in violation of a valid contract as the contract was completed by post which was given by Mr. Dowell. Therefore, now the committee of the organization could not make such decision to withdraw a agreement which was justifiably established by him in a enforceable way. References Cases Adams v Lindsell (1818) 106 ER 250. Byrne v Van Tienhoven (1880) 5 CPD 344. Entorres v Miles Far East [1955] 2 QB 327. Henthorn v Fraser 1892. Raffles v Wichelhaus (1864) 2 H C 906. Smith v Hughes [1871] LR 6 QB 597. Tamplin v James (1880) 15 ch d 215. Websites Australian Contract Law, Smith v Hughes Court of Queen's Bench [1871] LR 6 QB 597, https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/cases/smith.html christian Tager, The requirements for creating a valid e-commerce contract, (1 November 2011) https://www.diamondconway.com.au/the-requirements-for-creating-a-valid-e-commerce-contract/ craig Hong, What are the elements of a contract?, (29 July, 2015) https://www.hillhouse.com.au/legal-question/what-are-the-elements-of-a-contract/ D W McLauchlan, "Objectivity in Contract" [2005] University of Queensland Law Journal 28, 24(2) 479. E-Lawresources, Contractual agreement - offer and acceptance, https://www.e-lawresources.co.uk/Offer-and-acceptance.php Fair Dealing, Contracts https://www.fairtrading.nsw.gov.au/ftw/Consumers/Contracts.page Networked Knowledge, Contract Law, https://netk.net.au/Contract/02Formation.asp Paul Kordic, Australia: Recitals, definitions interpretation clauses in commercial contracts, (3 July 2014) https://www.mondaq.com/australia/x/324358/Contract+Law/Recitals+definitions+interpretation+clauses+in+commercial+contracts Simpsons, The Principles of Contract, https://www.simpsons.com.au/documents/visarts/visarts89/1Princip.pdf

Afforestation in Hong Kong

Afforestation in Hong Kong Afforestation in Hong Kong is one of the topics of the on-going debate on sustainability.Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Afforestation in Hong Kong specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Chinese government is trying to address the problems related to environmental problems and afforestation is seen as one of possible effective ways to solve such issues as soil erosion, vast amounts of carbon dioxide, etc. (Xin, 2012). Though, it is necessary to note that these attempts are not new as afforestation policies were introduced as far back as the end of the nineteenth century when Government Gardens and Tree Planting Departments (Hamilton, 2008). Those were first initiatives aimed at securing forests from non-sanctioned felling (Demurger Yang, 2006). Nonetheless, massive afforestation policies were launched only after the World War II. The situation in the region was really alarming as the aftermaths of the war were dev astating and it was time to come up with effective solutions (Xi, Bi He, 2012). Another stage of afforestation began in 1979 when a number of strategies were developed to effectively develop ecosystem of the region (Harris, 2012). Those measures head a positive impact on the environmental situation in the region as the forest cover in the area increased from 8.6% in the middle of the twentieth century to 18.21% in 2003 (Zhang Song, 2006).Advertising Looking for dissertation on ecology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, Elliott et al. (2006) claim that the strategies used are not as effective as they could be and the policies should be reconsidered. Therefore, the afforestation strategies used have raised a number of questions. Thus, the reforestation in the region has been characterised by the use of exotic tree species. This approach is supported by some researchers, but it is highly criticised as it regard ed as rather ineffective. As far as positive effects of the use of exotic trees are concerned, it is possible to note that there is certain impact on the diversity in the region (Pullar Lamb, 2012). Willoughby et al. (2007) argue that exotic species are potentially favourable for development of biodiversity in a region. Though, it is necessary to note that the researchers focused on a specific area (Britain) and the time the trees were observed is insufficient to come to particular conclusions. Liu (2003) claims that planting exotic species of trees had a favourable impact on the rehabilitation of the area due to high productivity of the chosen species. The researcher notes that some species of bamboo can help restore forest coverage in limited periods of time. Yau (1997) also supports the idea that exotic trees can be useful to ameliorate the environment which will become a good basis for the future reforestation with native species. Lee, Hau and Corlett (2005) stress that exotic species can have favourable impact as they can be used for restoration of soil system, but the researchers also argue that exotic trees are inappropriate for restoration of biodiversity in the region and, due to this, native species of trees should prevail.Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Afforestation in Hong Kong specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Obviously, the majority of researchers agree that the use of exotic trees is quite limited and is inappropriate for massive afforestation of the area. The use of native species of trees is seen as the most effective strategy to effectively restore biodiversity in the area. Chen et al. (2008) provide comprehensive evidence to support their argument that the use of exotic trees is ineffective for afforestation of areas. At the same time, Elliott et al. (2006) argue that the use of exotic species can negatively affect biodiversity of the area as such species can replac e native trees. Even though, this can have no negative impact on the soil, it can negatively affect the ecosystem as natural pollinators will not be able to adjust to the new environment (Clark, 2005). Hau (2000) notes that the effectiveness of the use of native species still needs certain research as time is needed to investigate all possible outcomes of the use of this or that strategy. Nagendra and Southworth (2010) claim that biodiversity is crucial to the environment and, therefore, the use of exotic species is hazardous. The researchers believe new strategies of afforestation should be used. In particular, the use of native trees should become the major strategy (Jim, 2012). Hau (2010) also stresses that native trees should be used to restore the ecosystem as the use of exotic trees can result in degradation of biodiversity in certain sites.Advertising Looking for dissertation on ecology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, it is clear that quite extensive research has been implemented on the matter. The majority of researchers agree that the use of native trees is of paramount importance for the restoration of the biodiversity in the region and it should be the core strategy of the afforestation policies in Hong Kong. Nonetheless, it is necessary to note that the experiments were carried out in quite limited periods of time. Admittedly, investigation of the development of ecosystems and biodiversity cannot be held within a decade. Therefore, further research is essential. It is necessary to analyse the effectiveness of policies used in the middle of the twentieth century. It is also important to have a closer look at the exact species used in particular areas. Reference List Chen, L., Tam, N.F.Y., Huang, J., Zeng, X., Meng, X., Zhong, C., Wong, Y. Lin, G. (2008). Comparison of ecophysiological characteristics between introduced and indigenous mangrove species in China. Estuarine, Coastal a nd Shelf Science, 79(1), 644-652. Clark, J. (2005). Preserving Hong Kong’s Biodiversity. Retrieved from civic-exchange.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/200508_EcologicalRestoration.pdf Demurger, S. Yang, W. (2006). Economic changes and afforestation incentives in rural China. Environment and Development Economics, 11(5), 629–649. Elliott, S., Blakesley, D., Maxwell, J. F., Doust, S., Sutthathorn, S. (2006). How to plant a forest†¯: The principles and practice of restoring tropical forest. Retrieved from forru.org/PDF_Files/htpafbook/htpafbook.pdf Hamilton, S. (2008). Watching over Hong Kong: Private policing 1841-1941. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. Harris, P.G. (2012). Environmental policy and sustainable development in China. Bristol, UK: The Policy Press. Hau, B.C.H. (2000). Promoting native tree species in land rehabilitation in Hong Kong, China. In S. Elliott, J. Kerby, D. Blakesley, K. Hardwick, K. Woods and V. Anusarnsunthorn (Eds), Forest restor ation for wildlife conservation. (pp. 109-120). Thailand: Chiang Mai University. Hau, B.C.H. So, K.K.Y. (2003). Using native tree species to restore degraded hillsides in Hong Kong, China. Retrieved from aseanbiodiversity.info/abstract/52001396.pdf Hau, B.C.H. (2010). Using native plant species in forest restoration and slope rehabilitation in Hong Kong, China. Retrieved from rainforestation.ph/news/pdfs/Hau.pdf Jim, C.Y. (2012). Restoration of forests associated with new town development in Hong Kong. In J. Stanturf, D. Lamb, P. Madsen (Eds.), A goal-oriented approach to forest landscape restoration (pp. 129-149). London, UK: Springer. Lee, E. W. S., Hau, B. C. H. Corlett, R. T. (2005). Natural regeneration in exotic tree plantations in Hong Kong, China. Forest Ecology and Management, 212(1–3), 358–366. Liu, D. (2003). Rehabilitation of degraded forests to improve livelihoods of poor farmers in South China. Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR. Nagendra, H. Southworth, J. (2010 ). Reforesting landscapes: Linking pattern and process. Bloomington, USA: CIFOR. Pullar, D. Lamb, D. (2012). A tool comparing alternative forest landscape restoration scenarios. In J. Stanturf, D. Lamb, P. Madsen (Eds.), A goal-oriented approach to forest landscape restoration (pp. 129-149). London, UK: Springer. Willoughby, I., Stokes, V., Poole, J., White, J.E.J. Hodge, S.J. (2007). The potential of 44 native and non-native tree species for woodland creation on a range of contrasting sites in lowland Britain. Forestry, 80(5), 531–553. Xi, W., Bi, H. He, B. (2012). Forest landscape restoration in China. In J. Stanturf, D. Lamb, P. Madsen (Eds.), A goal-oriented approach to forest landscape restoration (pp. 65-93). London, UK: Springer. Xin, Z. (2012, March 12). Afforestation to continue into next decade. The China Daily. Retrieved from chinadaily.com.cn/china/2012-03/12/content_14814759.htm Yau, F. (1997). Soil and afforestation in the Shing Mun Country Park, Hong Kong (M aster’s Thesis. The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China). Retrieved from http://hub.hku.hk/bitstream/10722/55287/3/FullText.pdf Zhang, Y. Song, C. (2006). Impacts of afforestation, deforestation, and reforestation on forest cover in China from 1949 to 2003. Journal of Forestry, 104(7), 383–387.

buy custom Medical Marijuana essay

buy custom Medical Marijuana essay Marijuana is a psychoactive drug obtained from the dried flowers and leaves of the hemp plant (Cannabis sativa). Currently, many governments around the world consider it illegal including the United States of America federal government which has categorized it as Schedule I substance, terming it as having a high potential for abuse and no currently accepted medical use (Bruin Humanist Forum, 1). Many classified Marijuana together with hard drugs such as LSD and opium although studies indicate that marijuana is not as dangerous as it has been made to appear in the eyes of the public. Over the recent past, there has been controversy surrounding the use of marijuana for various medical purposes with debate raging in both medical and political arena over its safety. Even though it is argued against on the basis of the social stigma attached to its recreational use, the truth is that there are many positive sides of using marijuana and it is not a dangerous narcotic. There are very many i mportances of marijuana more that what people may think of them. In support of marijuana, it has to be noted that this one of the therapeutically active and most beneficial substances known to man. If used as medical marijuana, use of drug cannabis as per doctors recommendations as an antiemetic or herbal therapy, it helps patients a lot. It is approximated that cannabis has been in use medically fro more than 4,000 years. It is therefore not in order to term a drug that has helped many patients for all these as dangerous and even go ahead and illegalize it to a larger extent in the world. Its psychoactive properties were appreciated long time ago as it has been confirmed from writings from ancient India, where doctors used for various ailments and illnesses. These entailed a whole all types of gastrointestinal disorders, headaches, insomnia and as a pain reliever commonly used in childbirth. Marijuana use has therefore for a long time been associated with positive use to bring about positive results as opposed to the views suggesting that the dru g is harmful to human health The appreciation of the benefits of marijuana prompted scholars to synthesize THC, the basic active ingredient of cannabis in 1970s to manufacture drug Marinol. Even though many people fought against and later restricted its use for medicinal purposes, there are those in full support of the medical marijuana(Jack, 234). For instance, the Canadian government legislation recently made medical marijuana more accessible to patients. Consequently, patients can now apply for own possession and a restricted cultivation license. Surely a whole government with the interests of its subjects first can not expose a dangerous substance to them and the fact it has been made legal even for limited cultivation, it is a clear indication that marijuana is safe for human health and it does not deserve to be condemned. There are very few drugs that match the many roles marijuana play in human health. They range from relieving chronic pain and muscle spasms to reducing the interlobular pressure within the eye and weight loss (through increasing and restoring metabolism) to suppressing nausea. Asserts that all these are aspects of human health that any normal human being should experience and incase one lacks, then an illness occurs. Marijuana is the solution for all these and yet it can be easily and cheaply obtained. Other forms of medication are very expensive, making them a heritage for the rich hence to increase the accessibility of all individuals to such services, marijuana has always been the solution saver for its illegalization. Some of the reasons given in this paper is why marijuana should be legalized. Buy custom Medical Marijuana essay

Quantitative Communication Research Variable Essay

Quantitative Communication Research Variable - Essay Example After alteration to "experience working as an engineer" it acts as contingent condition in the hypothesis: "If a majority of people in the audience has experience working as an engineer, a speaker presenting a technology-related topic gets less open-ended questions than a speaker who is delivering a presentation on a topic which is not technological in nature." Independent variable in the following statement: "If a speaker extensively utilizes logical appeals, a person from the audience, when asked to do so, will be more likely to depict the content of the speech in the form of a diagram than if logical appeals were not used." Dependent variable: "Both students and professors, whose personality type according to the Myer-Briggs test classification is characterized by T (thinking) and J (judging), are more likely to use logical appeals when persuading someone than students and professors who have other personality types." Contingent condition: "If logical appeals are used in the message, more unfavorable change announced to the student body at least two weeks in advance will be perceived better than a less significant change students were not informed about in advance." Independent variable: "Students, who have high grade point average in the undergraduate school, perform worse i

US National Security Policy Towards Pakistan During the Last Three Research Paper

US National Security Policy Towards Pakistan During the Last Three Administrations - Research Paper Example The various issues which the United States has to take into account while dealing with Pakistan include the role of Pakistan in the Afghanistan war, the nuclear weapons proliferation, the Kashmir issue, and India-Pakistan relations, economic development of Pakistan and ensuring human rights protection and stability of the democratic process in Pakistan. Since the very beginning of the relationships between the United States and Pakistan, immediately after Pakistan’s independence from British colonial rule, the United States has managed to exercise a great influence over Pakistan because the United States realizes very well the geostrategic importance of Pakistan. Whether it was the issue of the Soviet expansion in the world during the Cold War era, or the Soviet War in Afghanistan or the recent War against terrorism, Pakistan’s importance in the global scenario has always been at the crests. Moreover, due to the Soviet influence on India and the increasing power of Chin a, the United States want to have a good influence in the region and that is best served by influencing the Pakistani administration. The whole story of the relationship between the United States and Pakistan has been very complicated one. Though Pakistan’s first Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan’s eagerness to visit the United States despite an invitation from the Soviet Union is widely seen as Pakistan’s inclination towards the United States from its very inception, however this is not true because of the fact that Pakistan’s foreign policy during the very beginning was of non-alignment. And this was not actually planned by the Pakistani administration of that time, rather they were forced to have a policy of non-alignment because of the inclination of both the British and the US governments towards the Indian administration under the Indian National Congress which was seen as a party which shared similar policies with the Labor Party in Britain and the Democrats in the United States.

Effect of an Increase in Molar Mass on Enthalpy Change

Effect of an Increase in Molar Mass on Enthalpy Change An investigation to determine the effect of an increase in molar mass on the enthalpy change of combustion of fuels Method Variables: Independent Variable: Molar mass (type) of alcohol. Dependant Variable: The following variable will be observed and measured: * Mass of the alcohol used. Controlled Variable: The following variables will need to be controlled: * Mass of water, the mass of water will be measured using a measuring cylinder. * Amount of wick on burner, the amount of wick on the burner will be measured using a standard ruler and kept constant as it affects the amount of alcohol burnt. * Height of beaker above flame, the beaker will be set up so that the base just touches the flame. * Type of beaker, the same beaker will be used and marked, as the density and size of the beaker affect the amount of heat energy transferred to the water. * Agitation of the water, the water will need to be stirred in every experiment as to prevent any anomalous results. * Temperature change is held constant, measured with a thermometer reading from -10oC to 110oC, with an uncertainty of  ±0.5oC Method Procedure: 1. Measure 100cm3 of water in the measuring cylinder. 2. Pour the water into the 250cm3 beaker and record its temperature. 3. Choose a spirit burner. Record the name of the fuel, and the mass of the whole burner (including the lid and fuel inside). 4. Clamp the beaker, and set it up so that the spirit burner will fit comfortably under it. 5. Light the 6mm wick of the spirit burner, and put it under the 250 cm3 beaker. 6. Stir the water gently with the thermometer, and watch the temperature. When it has increased by 20 °C, put the lid on the spirit burner to put the flame out. 7. Record the new mass of the whole burner (including the lid and fuel inside). 8. Using fresh water each time, repeat the experiment at least twice with the same fuel. 9. Repeat all for different fuels. Result: Quantitative raw data: Fuel Name Experiment 1 Experiment 2 Temperature Mass Before/g ( ±0.01) Mass After/g ( ±0.01) Mass Before/g ( ±0.01) Mass After/g ( ±0.01) Before/oC ( ±0.05) After/oC ( ±0.05) Methanol 181.48 180.00 179.79 178.22 20.00 40.00 Ethanol 215.64 214.50 214.52 213.50 20.00 40.00 Propan-1-ol 228.70 227.39 227.39 225.91 20.00 40.00 Butan-1-ol 174.63 173.96 173.96 173.34 20.00 40.00 Pentan-1-ol 172.33 171.47 171.47 170.84 20.00 40.00 Octan-1-ol 218.77 217.72 217.72 216.85 20.00 40.00 Observations during Experiment: All reactions were exothermic as the beaker and the surrounding began to warm up. Fuel Name Observation Methanol It burnt with a short dim orangey yellow flame. The base of the beaker was partly covered with soot. Small bubbles formed at the base of the beaker. Ethanol It burnt with a pale orangey yellow flame. The base of the beaker was slightly darkened by the formation of soot. Small bubbles formed at the base of the beaker. Propan-1-ol It burnt with a thin bright orangey yellow flame. The base of the beaker was again slightly darkened by the formation of soot. Small bubbles formed at the base of the beaker. Butan-1-ol It burnt with a narrow and long yellowish orange flame. The base of the beaker was considerably darkened by the formation of soot. Small bubbles formed at the base of the beaker. Pentan-1-ol It burnt with a narrow and long yellowish orange flame. The base of the beaker was completely darkened by the formation of soot. Small bubbles formed at the base of the beaker. Octan-1-ol It burnt with a narrow and long distinct yellow flame. The base of the beaker was fully obscured by the formation of soot. Small bubbles formed at the base of the beaker. Analysis: The heat that is released in the combustion of an alcohol is absorbed by the liquid. The temperature change of the liquid is then related to the heat of combustion of the alcohol (heat released in a reaction (combustion in this case) = heat gained by the substance). I can work out the heat energy absorbed by the liquid using the formula: Heat Energy transferred (Q) = mà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â€ž ¢cà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  T c = specific heating capacity of water (4.18 Jg-1K-1) m = mass of water (in grams) à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  T = change in temperature of the water. And find the enthalpy (heat) change of combustion per fraction of a mole of the alcohol. For example: Mass of water (m) = 100g ( ±0.5), Change in Temperature (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  T) = 20.00 °C ( ±0.10) Therefore, Heat Energy Transferred (Q) = mà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â€ž ¢cà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  T (degree of uncertainty) = 100 à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â€ž ¢ 4.18 à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â€ž ¢ 20 ( ±0.5 +  ±0.10) = 8360 J ( ±0.6) = 8.36 kJ ( ±0.6) This is the same for every reaction as the mass of water remains constant. From here on, I can calculate the enthalpy change per fraction of a mole of the substance as it combusts to form its products: à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  Hc Alcohol + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water Mass of Methanol used = 1.52g ( ±0.02) Number of moles (N) = M/RMM (percentage degree of uncertainty) = 1.52g / 32.04g ( ±2.00% +  ±0%) = 0.0474 mol ( ±2.00%) Where, M = Mass of the Alcohol used to heat the amount of water RMM = Relative Molar Mass of the Alcohol obtained from the data book, so the percentage uncertainty is  ±0% à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â€ž ¢ Enthalpy change of Combustion (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  Hc) = Q/N (percentage degree of uncertainty) = 8.36 kJ / 0.0474 mol ( ±7.17% +  ±2.00%) = 176.22 ( ±9.17%) All calculations are done similarly. Fuel Name Average Initial mass/g ( ±0.01) Average Final mass/g ( ±0.01) (M) Mass used/g ( ±0.02) (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  T) Temp change/ °C ( ±0.10) (Q) Heat Energy Transferred/kJ ( ±0.12) (N) Number of Moles used/mol ( ±2.00%) (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  Hc) Enthalpy change of Combustion ( ±9.17%) /kJ mol-1 Methanol 180.64 179.11 1.52 20.00 8.36 4.74 x10-2 -176.22 Ethanol 215.08 214.00 1.08 20.00 8.36 2.34 x10-2 -356.62 Propan-1-ol 228.05 226.65 1.40 20.00 8.36 2.33 x10-2 -358.82 Butan-1-ol 174.30 173.65 0.65 20.00 8.36 0.88 x10-2 -953.29 Pentan-1-ol 171.90 171.16 0.75 20.00 8.36 0.85 x10-2 -982.58 Octan-1-ol 218.25 217.29 0.96 20.00 8.36 0.74 x10-2 -1134.09 Conclusion: From the table it is evident that the molar mass of an alcohol increases the amount of heat energy it dispenses per fraction of a mole. Also, the graph shows that there is a positive correlation between molar mass and enthalpy change of combustion for alcohols. What could explain the relation is that as the molar mass increases there is an increase in the number of available carbon atoms to combine with oxygen and release energy. Therefore, an increase in molar mass will have an incremental effect on the enthalpy change of combustion. Evaluation: Fuel Name Literature à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  Hc Value (LV) Experimental à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  Hc Value (EV) Literature error (EV – LV)/LV*100 Methanol -726.00 -176.22 75.76% Ethanol -1367.30 -356.62 74.00% Propan-1-ol -2021.00 -358.82 82.24% Butan-1-ol -2675.60 -953.29 64.38% Pentan-1-ol -3328.70 -982.58 70.48% Octan-1-ol -5293.60 -1134.09 78.58% Table depicting the percentage error of the experimental value from the actual value available in the data book Average Literature error: 74.22% The results are not consistent with the literature values, all of the reactants did not completely combust due to the lack of oxygen, leading to the formation of soot and carbon monoxide, which means that the heat output is less than it would have been if all of the carbon burnt, since the calculations are based on the mass of the un-burnt carbon, the calculated value is less than the literature value. The beaker would not have transferred all the heat across; some would have been lost in heating the beaker as well as the clamp and stand, this would have caused the value to be less than the actual value. Other possible sources of error could be by slight differences in the values of the fixed variables, like the mass of water not being exactly 100g, due to incorrect reading of the measuring cylinder caused by a parallax (when the scale is read at an angle to the eye, as the light is refracted through the glass, the reading appears to be at a different position). The same error could have been also made in the reading of the thermometer, causing there to be wrong temperature readings. There were some anomalies when reading the graph as two values were almost identical. It could have been due to the amount of wick on the burner as it would not have been exactly the same (6mm) on each burner as this was difficult to measure. This would have caused differences in the amount of alcohol burnt. The flame was not always just touching the beaker, as this again was difficult to measure accurately, and would have caused differences in the amount of heat given off as the temperature of the flame is different at different heights. Also, the thermometer was not in the same place at each temperature recording, as even though the water was stirred, there would be differences in the temperature of the water at different depths. Errors mentioned in conducting Experiment Possible corrections that could be made Incomplete Combustion of reactants Placing the fuel in an airtight chamber and controlling the flow of air through valves as to make the correct stoichiometric balance ratio of carbon and oxygen. Heat loss to the surrounding Insulation of the beaker, boss, clamp and stand by wrapping them with polystyrene. Also, Preventing any draught from carrying the heat energy away by placing a board to shield it. Parallax error Position of eye at all volumetric vessels must be at the same level as the meniscus. Transfer of heat energy to the liquid A calorimeter made of a better heat conducting material, perhaps something strong and lightweight like aluminium.

Hypodermic needle Essay

Preface As I sat down to think about this research paper I thought about chocolate and all the things I could write about and they all seem to be the same thing. Where chocolate came from, and how it was made as well as how do you cook with it and even some chocolate recipes. I wanted to do something that I thought had never been done before, be original I hope that this is something that you haven’t seen before in a research paper. Introduction Chocolate can be constructed in many different ways. Besides of using it in sculpting and shaping, it can be imprinted with patterns and cut into shapes for cake decoration. But in today’s world many invention has taken place in the chocolate industry over the past few years. Here are some of the new ways that chocolate is being use in technology. 1. The Chocolate Whiff David Edwards a Harvard professor has patented a new way to consume chocolate: called Le Whif it is made up of a tube that sprays a mist of chocolate. It delivers one kilocalorie (calorie) per spray; this invention gives the healthy-conscious a way to satisfy their chocolate cravings without the gilt. 2. A Chocolate Printer At Cornell University a scientist has created a 3-Demintional food printer that can print using hypodermic needles filled with chocolate. The printer not only can do chocolate, but also any edible ingredient that can be put in liquid form. The needles act in combination with computer to create layers which slowly become a 3-Demintional object. 3. Chocolate meets Fashion Because of its molding capabilities chocolate Stacey Van Waldick of Promise Me Chocolates a chocolate company in New York has created chocolate gems, rings and pendants for party favor wedding and special occasion, while one a year New York City presents a Fashion show called â€Å" The Chocolate Show† where all the clothing are made up of chocolate. 4. The Chocolate that is a Vitamin Every body knows about how eating chocolate is supposed to release endorphin to the brain which helps to release stress. But now there is a company in Northern California that has begun to put polyunsaturated acids like omega-three as well as immune booster in chocolate. This will help to increase the health benefits of eating chocolate. 5. Chocolate that you can listen to. I know what you are thinking but the answers in â€Å"No† chocolate can’t speak, but Ben Milne a baker from Scotland was try to find a way to help his friends promote their album when he decided to put the band’s music on a chocolate record, after that made a playable chocolate CD. Now that is the real meaning of â€Å"the sweet sound of music†. 6. No-melting chocolate The melting point of chocolate is between 86 °-90 ° right? Wrong because there is a company in Ireland that has the patent to what is said to be the world’s first chocolate that does not melt. The clam is that chocolate has oils in it that makes it bendable and resistant to heat. The Play-dough like chocolate can easily be used by pastry chiefs, comes in three different varieties milk white and dark and, and it is totally digestible. 7. Technology meets chocolate Based out of San Francisco California TCHO (Technology+Chocolate) is an up and company that produces chocolate with an different flare Timothy Childs founder was an NASA software programmer who decided to strike out on his on with a vision to make chocolate from scratch and in doing so here created what he calls the TCHO dark chocolate flavor wheel which consists of flavors like chocolately, citrus, nutty, earthy, fruity and floral. Childs also invented an iphone app that he can log on to and control his flavor lab by remote he can control time, temperature and shut the machines off and on. Conclusion With technology changing by the day the thought of what can be done with chocolate is now unlimited. Where is chocolate going â€Å"The World will never know? † Bibiliograpy â€Å"Apple – IPhone in Business – Profiles – TCHO Chocolate. † Apple – IPhone in Business – Profiles – TCHO Chocolate.N. p. , n. d. Web. 30 Nov. 2012. . â€Å"Chocolate and Technology Deliciously Mix in California. † Fox News. FOX News Network, 17 July 2012. Web. 30 Nov. 2012. . â€Å"5 Surprising Chocolate Innovations. † Menuism Dining Blog RSS. N. p. , n. d. Web. 30 Nov. 2012. . N. p. , n. d. Web.

Realism Paper

Brandon Jackson There are many differences between realism and theatricalism. Realism consists of any type of play that is based off of real life events. And theatricalism is the complete opposite. It doesn’t consist of any real life events and they aren’t supposed to do such. Realism plays don’t have to have any sort of originality but they are normally written directly from real life events. When play writers are writing a realistic play they tend to write the play as common and close to everyday speech and actions of humans. Realistic plays almost always recall on flashbacks, which consist of scenes that occurred in the characters past.In realistic plays actors and actresses do not even look directly at the audience, many of times in these plays actors do not even acknowledge the audience’s presence in order to give it that realistic feel. Take the play Joe Turners come and gone for example the characters sway away from keeping in contact with the crowd and they make sure not to look at the audience for any reason. If I where to write a play on the realism of a high school students way of speaking, I would be sure to use a lot of slang in my speech to make it as realistic as possible.As said before the play Joe Turners come and gone is a great example of realism. The play shows the struggles of an African American family and consists of real live events like slavery and poverty. The characters are all working class who are barely making a living. Another realistic play, which consists of realistic event, is The Piano Lesson. Just like Joe Turner’s Come and Gone, the characters in The Piano Lesson are all working class African Americans working hard just to survive.The main character Boy Wille is so desperate for money he decides he wants to trade a piano that has been in the family for several years in order to acquire land for crop growing. But the play does use some theatricalism. Towards the end of the play they make a g host a ghost which many could agree isnt exactly realism. But even within the play they still seem to make the story very believable with a realistic. The same with The Last Five Years. This play and or musical are very realistic and utilize many different scenes of the everyday life of a married couple in Ohio.Unlike the Play Joe Turners come and gone, Angles in America is completely un realistic and is clearly imaginary. There are many aspects of Thearicalism found in this play. Nothing in this play is predictable and throughout the play the audience can be found both confused and some amazed by its creativity. Absurdism is another aspect of theatricalsim. Absurdism is the philosophical thought of people are meaningless and have no job or role in life. Many Fictional plays normally consist of some sort theatricalism and many Absurdism. Expersionalism is the thought of painting a picture with words and or in the form of a play.This can be seen in almost any play because theatre is a form or art and the main objective of any play is to paint a picture. But in any Thearticalism play the Every aspect of these plays are make believe, and they normally don’t consist of a true plot and or seem realistic. The use of Imagery and exaggeration and distortion can be found in just about any theatrical play. http://www. musicomh. com/theatre/last-five-years_0706. htm http://www. sparknotes. com/drama/piano/summary. html http://dictionary. reference. com/browse/theatricalism NOTES

Women Archetypes in Greek Ancient Pantheon

Women Archetypes in Greek Ancient Pantheon The notion of an archetype is rather complicated and has multiple layers, since it is widely used in many spheres of modern psychology and culture. The definition of the term has undergone several changes in the course of the cultural evolution. Within the frames of the current essay, it is possible to define an archetype as a generic, cumulative image, possessing some certain characteristic features. Before our civilization switched to the patriarchal social systems with male gods, there existed a single and united image of a Woman – the Great Goddess, who was the symbol of life and death, closely related to the nature and fertility. She was responsible for the creative power of life, as well as for the destructive forces. In the Greek pantheon there existed 7 goddesses, who represented the most common archetypical models of female behaviors. Aphrodite, Demeter and Hera were the most powerful ones. They had more deep connection with the Great Goddess archetype, than the other four. Aphrodite is a weaker variant of the Great Goddess in her fertility avatar. In Demeter we can easily find her Mother feature, whereas Hera is the echo of the Great Goddess as the Heaven Empress. Altogether they represent irresistible forces in every woman’s soul that make her such a unique creature as she is. Artemis, Athena and Hestia are so-called Virgin goddesses. They represent female independence. They are not apt to love or emotional attachment, considering these outpouring to be distracting for their major activities, and express female need for independence and social life. Persephone is the personification of a Daughter – a young woman, who is still on her way to emotional maturity. Thus, all these archetypes are inevitable components of the psychical structure of a woman.