Chemical Reactions And Energy Changes - 1712 Words

Theory: It is stated that all chemical reactions involve energy changes. Where a substance is stored with chemical energy and has the potential to be converted to heat. Exothermic and Endothermic reactions are included in the changes in heat of energy. As Exothermic reactions release heat, and transfer the temperature to its surroundings. This is because the energy absorbed to split the bonds of the reactants release less heat energy than the product made by the bonds. An endothermic reaction however absorbs heat from its surrounding as the reactant doesn’t supply enough energy therefore it absorbs energy from its environment. In addition, endothermic reactions release more heat energy in order to break the bonds made by the products. The bonds in the exothermic and endothermic occur during the experiment, as the breaking and making of the chemical bonds are involved. Exothermic is energy that is released when any chemical bond is formed and Endothermic is energy which must be added when a chemical bond is broken. It is recognized that with exothermic reactions, the products will contain a lower energy with the reactants. Endothermic reactions however have products which contain a higher energy than the reactants. This is because exothermic reactions release heat, and in the progress contain less energy with the products. As opposed to Endothermic reactions, where it absorbs the energy, bringing the products to a greater number. Activity A and C are expected to have anShow MoreRelatedChemical Reactions Of Energy And How It Changes Essay938 Words   |  4 Pages Thermochemistry deals with energy and how it changes. We performed chemical reactions in a calorimeter, which is a device scientists use to determine the amount of heat produced by a process (or change). Processes that absorb energy are endothermic and processes that release energy are exothermic. Endothermic, processes that absorbed energy produced positive results. Where as, exothermic, processes that release energy produced negative results. This experiment also dealt with specific heat. SpecificRead MoreGummy Bear Experiment1159 Words   |  5 PagesGummy Bears Energy is a concept.ï ¿ ½ Most definitions of the word energy fail to provide its exact meaning when applied to scientific matters.ï ¿ ½ In science the word energy is a concept that expresses two measurable properties, heat and work.ï ¿ ½ Here is the relationship of energy, heat and work: Energy Released=Work Done + Heat Released The Law of Conservation of Energy, derived from centuries of observation and measurement, indicates that energy cannot be created or destroyed. But energy need not stayRead MoreHeat Of Combustion Using Hydrocarbons As Fuel1219 Words   |  5 Pagesusing hydrocarbons as fuel. All three fuels produce combustion reactions which are exothermic. When bonds are formed or broken the most common form of energy released or taken in is heat energy. Heat of combustion is a way of measuring how much energy is output from a combustion reaction, the energy that is output is usually in the form of heat. Figure 1. Combustion reaction of methane (middleschoolchemistry.com) When a combustion reaction takes place it is when a liquid (typically a hydrocarbon) getsRead MoreThe Six Branches Of Chemistry1482 Words   |  6 Pagesbranches of chemistry ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Organic chemistry involves the study of the structure, properties, and preparation of chemical compounds that consist primarily of carbon and hydrogen. organic chemistry the study of most carbon containing compounds INORGANIC CHEMISTRY Inorganic chemistry is the study of the properties and behaviour of inorganic compounds. It covers all chemical compounds except organic compounds. Inorganic chemists study things such as crystal structures, minerals, metals, catalystsRead MoreChemical Reaction Of Chemical Reactions1138 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: A chemical reaction is the process of rearranging the atoms in reactants to create new and unique substances known as products (3). Substances are either a chemical element or compound, which cannot be broken down into simpler substances by normal chemical procedure (3). Reactants are substances that undergo specific changes in the process of a reaction while products are the final product of the reactants when the chemical reaction is completed. In a chemical reaction the least amountRead MoreThe Effect Of Chemical Reactions On Temperature, Enthalpy, And Specific Heat1364 Words   |  6 PagesDuring this experiment we tested the amount of change in heat given off during different chemical reactions. We created a calorimeter that we will use to test different reactions to see how the heat energy was affected. After completing the experiments we were able to tell what chemicals or metals would change the heat energy for every reaction we tested. Overall, this experiment showed us what characteristics of chemical reactions affect the change in temperature, enthalpy, and specific heat. Read MoreInvestigating The Chemical And Physical Changes Throughout The Experiment1435 Words   |  6 PagesProblem: The purpose of this particular lab was to experiment and identify the chemical and physical changes throughout the experiment. Material: Refer to Science Activity 8.1 – Evidence of Reactions Worksheet Procedure: Refer to Science Activity 8.1 – Evidence of Reactions Worksheet, page #1-6 Observations: Original Temperature of H2O (Water): Using a thermometer we observed the measurement of the water â€Å"H2O† in the beaker, and it resulted in an initial temperature of 20 ⠁ ° C. CuCl2 (CopperRead MoreHow an Acid (Coke) Can React Together with Potassium to Create a Charger for an iPone1477 Words   |  6 PagesWith both potassium and acid working together, they will give off energy to the iPhone. Why Coke? Every liquid will be either acidic or basic traits. An acid-base reaction is a chemical reaction that happens between an acid and a base. There are multiple definitions when considering the reaction mechanism when solving problems. Regardless of what the problem is, it’s always a known fact that when using liquid or gaseous reactions, they become less apparent. You want to use Coke because its pH isRead MoreModule 4 DBA notes966 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿A physical change is one that affects only the physical properties of a substance, while a chemical change alters a substance at the molecular level. Physical Properties: A property that can be observed or measured without changing the chemical identity of the substance. Physical properties can be categorized as either intensive or extensive. Reactivity: An element or compound’s reactivity is its ability or capacity to react, or bond, with another substance. As you continue through this courseRead MoreDetermination of Acetic Acid in Vinegar Lab Report Essay749 Words   |  3 Pagesintended to display that chemical reaction and phase changes involve energy. The energy of heat was presented when a change in temperature difference was evaluated. Chemical reactions in a calorimeter were used to determine the amount of heat produced by a reaction. Reactions that absorb heat were noted as endothermic, and reactions that release heat were noted as exothermic. These principals were based off of Hess’s Law. The goal of the experiment was to monitor chemical reactions using a calorimeter

Why Was Italy Not Unified After the Congress of Vienna...

Before the Congress of Vienna the French occupation had far reaching affects on Italy. The power of the Church and the Pope was reduced, changes were made in landownership and land was redistributed. A new middle class began to appear. Agriculture was improved and the peasants were freed from their old feudal ties and obligations. Then when Napoleon was defeated and the restoration of the old regime and monarchs was started, Italy again became a country divided into eleven independent states, excluding the tiny principalities and the Republic of San Marino. So Italy was not unified after the Congress of Vienna due to a number of reasons, such as the foreign influence of the Central European Powers, parochialism within the states, the lack†¦show more content†¦The lay people had no part in government, apart from a few lay members of advisory bodies called ‘congregations. Politically, Italy was fragmented. Further, half the states were governed by kings or dukes who alread y occupied or hoped soon to inherit the thrones of the non-Italian countries. Venice and Piedmont had dominions outside Italy. The Papacy had worldwide ecclesiastal concerns. The peninsula was not merely divided; the boundaries and interests of its states ignored its natural frontiers. Equally, there still survived three ancient republics of importance: Venice, ruling a considerable empire on the eastern shores of the Adriatic and a large territory, known as the Veneto, on the mainland of Italy; Genoa, which until 1768 governed the island of Corsica; and Lucca. After the Papal States there were five significant duchies. Of these members of the Austrian royal House of Habsburg, Milan direct from Vienna, and Tuscany, ruled the two most important separately. The Duchy of Parma and Piacenza was under a Spanish Bourbon, but could not be united either with Spain or with Naples and Sicily. The Duke of Modena and the Duchess of Massa and Carrara represented Italian dynasties. So the foreign influence of the Central European Powers both before and after the congress of Vienna was major a factor in Italys remaining as eleven independent states rather than becoming united. Foreign influence was not the only reason that Italy was not united by 1815,Show MoreRelatedUnification of Germany Essay1387 Words   |  6 Pagesbelief of nationalism; the belief that their loyalty was owed to the nation as a whole. This loyalty was believed to be owed to a nation of people who share a common history and language as its core. Due to the growing want for true self-government in Europe, people began calling for unity. Once these nations were created, governments wanted their country to be the strongest and most powerful. A growing sense of pride by the people that their nation was the greatest led to wars to prove who truly hadRead More In What Major Respects Had Europe Changed By 1971 From The Situation I2237 Words   |  9 Pages From the 1815 until the 1871, Europe underwent a great change. As the revolution of the 1830s showed, the Vienna Settlement did not last, even though the great European powers were able for a while to take the situation under control wit h brutal repression. However, it was impossible to stop the liberal revolution, which led to important political events and deep social changes. In the political field there are three major events: the rise of Napoleon III, the unification of Germany and the ItalianRead MoreWithin the Context of Germany 1789 – 1890 How Important a Role Did Bismarck Play in the Unification of Germany?4340 Words   |  18 PagesOn 23 September 1862, Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck was appointed Minister-President and Foreign Minister of Prussia . Within nine years a new German nation state was created by the unification of the numerous independent German-speaking states in central Europe. The creation of Germany as a cohesive political and integrated country occurred on 18 January 1871 at the palace of Versailles in France. Following the military defeat of France by Prussia in the Franco/Prussian war, (July 1870 to JanuaryRead MoreHistory HL Paper 3 Europe6131 Words   |  25 Pagesexamine rs in this examination session. It is the property of the International Baccalaureate and must not be reproduced or distributed to any other person without the authorization of IB Cardiff. –3– 1. M08/3/HISTX/HP3/ENG/TZ0/EU/M+ To what extent was the French monarchy both the main cause and the main victim of the 1789 French Revolution? This question is about the French monarchy as an institution, not only Louis XVI, thus the first part of the question needs an analysis of the nature of the monarchyRead More Motives for British Imperialism in Africa Essay5613 Words   |  23 PagesImperialism in Africa Before the Europeans began the New Imperialism in Africa, very little was known about the inner parts of the continent. However, after some explorers delved deeper into the heart of Africa, the Europeans soon realized how economically important this area was, and how much they could profit from it. At the time, Britain had only small occupations of land in Africa, but after they realized that they could make money from the rich resources from the inner regions of AfricaRead MoreMotives for British Imperialism in Africa5664 Words   |  23 PagesBritish Imperialism in Africa Before the Europeans began the New Imperialism in Africa, very little was known about the inner parts of the continent. However, after some explorers delved deeper into the heart of Africa, the Europeans soon realized how economically important this area was, and how much they could profit from it. At the time, Britain had only small occupations of land in Africa, but after they realized that they could make money from the rich resources from the inner regions of AfricaRead MoreRevolutionary Changes in the Atlantic World, 1750–185010951 Words   |  44 Pagessociety. One way of doing so was to classify and systematize knowledge; another way was to search for natural laws that was thought to underlie human affairs and to devise scientific techniques of government and social regulation. 2. John Locke argued that governments were created to protect the people; he emphasized the importance of individual rights. Jean Jacques Rousseau asserted that the will of the people was sacred; he believed that peopleRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesAssociation TEMPLE UNIVERSITY PRESS PHILADELPHIA Temple University Press 1601 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress Copyright  © 2010 by Temple University All rights reserved Published 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Essays on twentieth century history / edited by Michael Peter Adas for the American Historical Association. p. cm.—(Critical perspectives on the past) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-4399-0269-1Read More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesregistered trademarks of FSCreations, Inc. Windows is a registered trademark of the Microsoft Corporation used herein under license. Macintosh and Power Macintosh are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Used herein under license. Library of Congress Control Number: 2006933904 Student Edition: ISBN-13: 978-0-495-11873-2 ISBN-10: 0-495-11873-7 ââ€"   To my nephews, Jesse and Luke Smidt, who bet I wouldn’t put their names in this book. R. P. ââ€"   To my wife, Sally, and my daughter, Anna C

MIS Security and Ethical Issues

Question: Discuss about the MIS Security and Ethical Issues. Answer: Introduction Here I will discuss ethical dilemma of ICT that is encountered in our organization XY Pvt. Ltd. It is a software development company and we deal in different types of software solutions. Our company is an international company and selling its products worldwide. Our customers are satisfying with our services. Every customer is careful about its personal information or credit card information that is used by our company to keep records for customers purchasing. Our company XY Pvt. Ltd. is doing all its efforts to provide appropriate security and privacy to its potential customers and it is aware about common ethical issues of ICT. An ethical dilemma is also faced by our business organization and due to this we lost some essential business information (Infosectoday.com, 2017). In this segment we will discuss about ethical dilemma in detail that is encountered by our organization. In XY Pvt. Ltd., most of the business information and customers information is stored in online databases through companys website. This website is also used for taking customers order and to advertise our business. The database of this website stores lots of important and confidential information in it such as billing and shipping information, credit card information, purchasing records etc. Therefore, various modifications and insertions are done in database by different departments of our organization. To successfully handle frequent usage of a business website, it is necessary to apply high level security and privacy to this website. But it is not done by our technical experts and a big issue of improper security maintenance of website occurred. The issues of improper authentication and virus attacks have commonly observed by users of this website. By Doing Ethics Technique (D ET) we can discuss this ethical dilemma in an effective way. Doing Ethics Technique According to above analysis, we got to know that current big issue is related to insecurity of companys website and the main reason of this insecurity is use of improper validation techniques that causes chances of hacking attacks. Besides this, other main issue is of malware and virus attacks that can put bad influence on overall working of website and heavy loss of important information can occur. The main reason of this issue is inappropriate usage of antivirus and its regular updates (Ecommerce.hostip.info, 2017). The major fact of above discussed ethical dilemma in our business organization is lower performance of database and due to this overall process of data access has become time consuming. According to analysis of technical experts it is found that due to virus attack, performance of database system is getting worst. The validation processes for login credentials does not work properly and users are using weak passwords for login that are easy to hack by hackers (kusmulyono, 2017). Ethical and Non-Ethical Issues On the behalf of available information about XYZ Pvt. Ltd. the major ethical issue is irresponsible behavior of employees towards security of database that contains confidential information. The employees in business organization do not log-off their accounts properly after using it and unauthorized users try to access their accounts to collect important information. Besides this problem other problem is that employees do not use anti-virus solutions to protect their systems from viruses. Due to this, virus occurrences on system easily, when any new thing is downloading from database. Antivirus solutions scan every new entity to identify virus in it and fix bugs (Acm.org, 2017). But lack in use of anti-virus enhances chances of virus attacks on databases and systems. If we talk about non-ethical issues, then violation and not use of organizations security policies by employees are considered non-ethical acts (Computerworld, 2017). Due to above discussed ethical and non-ethical issues, management, senior and junior level employees will be effected. The main reason for this is ethical and non-ethical issues will bring some new changes in overall processes of organization and it may not be accepted by all business employees (Tutorialspoint.com, 2017). Ethical Issues and Suggestions The main ethical issue of XY Pvt. Ltd. Company is poor maintenance of security and resources of organization. To resolve these issues, support of technical department of company is required, so that they can improve deficiencies of database security by developing strong validation processes for login credentials. Besides this, issues of virus attacks can be resolved by using advanced anti-virus solutions. Every security policy and procedures should be strictly followed by all associated members of company (Edewor, 2017). For resolution of above discussed ethical issues of XY Pvt. Ltd. are listed as below: Prevention of database and system from unauthorized access. Use of secure online channels for communication, e.g: Secure Socket Layer (SSL). Use backup and restore options to get prevention from data loss. Use of advanced anti-virus solutions to get rid of virus attacks. What is the Best Option? Above listed all options can provide high level security to database, computer systems and networks. But proper implementation of these options is very much necessary. Among above listed options the best option is to use secure network connection by using SSL. If network will be secured then it is easier to control problems of unauthorized access, hacking and phishing attacks etc. Therefore, I would suggest our organization to use this option to control security and privacy issues (Sina, 2017). After this whole discussion we can say that above discussed ethical issues of security and privacy of databases are common for all business organizations. So it will be better to give preference to implementation of above listed solutions at workplaces. References Ecommerce.hostip.info, (2017). Computer Ethics - Computer Ethics In The Workplace, Privacy, Computer Ethics As Education. Retrieved 22 March 2017, from https://ecommerce.hostip.info/pages/246/Computer-Ethics.html kusmulyono,. (2017). Ethical Issues In ICT. Slideshare.net. Retrieved 22 March 2017, from https://www.slideshare.net/kusmulyono/ethical-issues-in-ict-presentation Computerworld. (2017). Ethical issues for IT security professionals. Retrieved 22 March 2017, from https://www.computerworld.com/article/2557944/security0/ethical-issues-for-it-security-professionals.html Tutorialspoint.com. (2017). MIS Security and Ethical Issues. Retrieved 22 March 2017, from https://www.tutorialspoint.com/management_information_system/mis_security_and_ethical_issues.htm Sina. (2017). ICT and Ethical Issues. I-thics.blogspot.in. Retrieved 22 March 2017, from https://i-thics.blogspot.in/ Edewor, N. (2017). Ethics and Social Issues Related to Information Communication Technology (ICT). Retrieved 22 March 2017, from https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/ethics-social-issues-related-information/43777 Infosectoday.com. (2017). Introduction to Computer Ethics. Retrieved 22 March 2017, from https://www.infosectoday.com/Articles/Intro_Computer_Ethics.htm Acm.org. (2017). ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct. Retrieved 22 March 2017, from https://www.acm.org/about-acm/acm-code-of-ethics-and-professional-conduct

Zen Interior Design Essay Example

Zen Interior Design Essay Zen Interior Design is a way of designing a space through meditative concepts in an attempt of giving the space a feel of enlightenment. The definition of this design is ambiguous compared to the other discipline in Interior Design. According to Shaolin-Wahnam Institute (n.d., para 1) Zen basically means â€Å"meditation†. Meditation promotes flow of energy which is translated into space with Zen Interior Design. Over all design emulates a mind who is in an enlightened state, clearing it from the unnecessary load giving it harmony. The design strategy is to conform a space in such a way that it would be like a concrete picture of a mind will look like when it reaches a harmonious state. Origin Zen design was developed in China and spread into Japan in the twelfth century it gave its name to a style of Japanese architecture that was based in one of China’s dynasty called Song; the earliest recorded Zen design architecture was Jizodo Shokofuji (1404). Such influence came to existence because at that time the wide use of Zen Buddhism was rampant. If you would study the culture of Japan, Zen Buddhism is embedded everywhere. (Moffett, Fazio, and Wodehouse, 2003, chap 4) We will write a custom essay sample on Zen Interior Design specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Zen Interior Design specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Zen Interior Design specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Zen is also seen as similarly associated with the concept of Feng Shui which in English is literally â€Å"wind† and â€Å"water†. Feng Shui follows certain rules and principles that are sometimes thought of as practical solutions in order to keep the correct ch’i of the space. In Zen, the ultimate purpose of design is meditation that results in harmony and balance. Feng Shui aims to correct the living conditions in order to promote physical and psychological well-being to the dweller.   (Marie T., Feng Shui simplified, para 3) Design Techniques Zen in Interior designing has no standard rule. Design is being done in the context of harmony. Its application is limitless in terms of space; it can be done for a whole house. An isolated room or even a space in you work area. It can be applied through the choice of color palette, space management and space use. All of this can be done be keeping it to what is just essential and natural. That is why Zen is often affiliated with the minimalist design. Colors are kept natural and limited, trying to keep it as light and as close to nature as possible. Strong colors must be kept at bay and everything that can be seen should be relaxing to the eye. Spaces ought to be open and free, up to the point that the designer should induce the illusion of it. Strategically placing mirrors and windows that will help spread light is one of the known strategies to achieve this. Allowing the space to be simple and close to its use is another technique often applied in this type of design. (Applying Ze n to Interior Decorating, para 1) Modern Developments Zen design is currently widely used in the industry of Interior Design. It was again largely noticed in the recent years entering 21st century. In residential homes it is simply not utilized for its beauty and charm but it gives the dweller a personal space as their own sanctuary, from today’s common busy lifestyle. (Mcevoy, Interior Design Style, para 5). Not only that, today’s housing especially in most of the South East Asian are getting smaller. With this kind of design on these houses a lot of issues can be addressed. Dwellers will be comfortably situated in their houses even if space is limited. The business sector benefits from this as well. Their commercial and industrial facilities, adapt some of its design because its parameters contribute to a lot of things like efficiency of flow in a workspace and improvement of or working environment. To them it affects the worker’s psyche which entails operation cost reduction, which is has a great impact to businesses. References: Anonymous. (n.d.). Zen, Buddhism and Spiritual Cultivation Beyond Words, Thoughts and Intellect. http://www.shaolin-wahnam.org/zen.html Marie T. (2007). Feng Shui simplified. http://fengshuidiaries.tinamariestinnett.com/?page_id=113 Hering-Shepherd R. (n.d). Applying Zen to Interior Decorating http://www.dreamhomedecorating.com/zen-interior-design.html Moffett M, Fazio M., Wodehouse L. (2003) The architecture of India and South East Asia. In P. Kent. A World History of Architecture. Laurence King Publishing. Mcevoy D. (2008). Interior Design Zen Style. http://searchwarp.com/swa290594.htm

Order Professional Help Annotated Bibliography Examples

Order Professional Help Annotated Bibliography Examples Annotated bibliography is a combination of the research materials citations and their summaries. It is one of the elements of a good APA, MLA or Chicago style paper. If you are searching for the examples of annotated bibliography here is a collection of samples of annotated bibliography: Chicago Style, MLA, APA. If you dont have time to write it on your own, you may read: HOW TO BUY ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ONLINE What is an Annotated Bibliography? An annotated bibliography is a list of research materials - books, articles, and documents  - presented both as citations  and as a summary of their value. The description acts to evaluate the source as a credible document. The purpose of the annotated bibliography is to inform the reader of the relevance, accuracy, and quality of the sources cited. Annotated bibliographies are different from abstracts, the latter being purely descriptive summaries found at the beginning of scholarly journal articles, while annotations are descriptive and require critical thinking. They may take into account the authors point of view, authority, and the place and time of their piece. How to Write an Annotated Bibliography Step 1.  Choose works that provide a balanced perspective on your topic. Step 2.  Locate and cite the books, periodicals, and documents about your topic. Step 3.  Cite the source using the appropriate style for your paper: MLA, APA or Chicago Manual Style. Step 4.  Write a concise annotation that summarizes the central theme and scope of the book or article. Include one or more sentences that accomplish one of the following: qualify the authority of the author; comment on who might gain from reading this source; compare the work to other work being cited; or, explain how this work enlightened you on your topic. Step 5.  Sign up today for the annotated bibliography writing service that will change the way you finish your school assignments. Sample MLA Annotation Greene, Robert. The 48 Laws of Power. Penguin Books, 2000. Greene offers honest advice on how to conduct ones life, according to the lessons we have learned from history, its rulers and their failures. Taking a sometimes fantastical approach to the realities of societal rules and norms, the chapters in Greenes book are wry and anecdotal and offer advice on everything from avoid the unhappy and the unlucky and mastering the art of timing. In the process, Greene includes interpretations of each law and examples of when the law was carried out in reverse to someones detriment. Greene offers sober, although harsh, advice for those struggling with ones imperfect journey with flawed peers, unfair laws, and conniving rivals. Rather than a practical handbook to how to live ones life, this text takes an honest perspective with advice that only those who truly need power will end up being able to implement in their life. However, there is still some useful tips that us every man and every woman can take. Chapters in this text lend themselves to being studied out of order, or as they become necessary in the readers life. Some of the chapters would even do well as part of a history course, or a section of a course, where students were learning about the human spirit and human folly. See also: MLA Essay Format with Example Sample APA Annotation Camron, J. (1992). The Artists Way. New York: Tarcher Putnam. In this workbook of nonfiction based on the writers creative journey, Cameron attempts to guide readers through the stages of reclaiming their inner artist and bringing more art into their lives. She does so by implementing the discipline of writing morning pages each day and by answering open-ended questions throughout to help the reader gauge where and why they may be stuck creatively. An experienced writer, Cameron is aware of the limitations of her experiment, and thats why she uses this book in tandem with live talks and workshops and encouraging fans of her work to meet where they live and help each other operate more like artists. The author is forthcoming about her past struggles with alcohol and the frustrations in her shortcomings as a poet to help ease the pretense that artists are artists and those who are not yet artists are on the outside looking in. Camerons book is completely inclusive and seems to embrace all who dare to discover their dormant inner artist. See also: APA Citation Machine Referencing Format Tool Sample Chicago Style Annotated Bibliography Schwabs book provides a thorough examination of the current state of Africas countries, communities, wars, resources, and leaders and how things came to be, from colonization until the new millennium. The author discusses relevant topics, such as war, cross-border conflict, ethnic conflict, despotic leadership, predatory regimes, and economic health. The book includes chapters on the slave trade, AIDS and poverty, globalization, and a question that asks if the continent will survive. This book could be read as part of a course but it appears the intention of the writer was to create a book for the interested layman to get a brief and terrifying history lesson. See also: Chicago Style Format with Example We hope, youve found these annotated bibliography samples helpful. Use them as the examples when composing your annotated bibliography. If you have no time for writing your APA annotated bibliography or MLA annotated bibliography, etc., you may order it online.  Place an order for annotated bibliography writing help, saying write me annotated bibliography, and we will deliver to you an expertly-presented piece. If you need any other writing services, feel free to contact our writers for assistance.

The State Of Crappy Content (And How To Rise Above) With Barry Feldman

The State Of Crappy Content (And How To Rise Above) With Barry Feldman Does your blog stand out from your competition? Does it provide experiences that make prospects want to come back? If your blog is boring, what does that say about your products and services? But if your blog content is engaging, imagine what your target audience will think about them. Today, we’re talking to Barry Feldman, mastermind behind Feldman Creative. In this episode, Barry shares some tips on what to do and not do to create standout content, build an audience, and offer awesome experiences through your content marketing. Biggest impediment for content marketing success is tunnel vision, where companies focus explicitly on a blog but nothing more; expectations are unreal Think about the entire content marketing funnel capturing emails, building a community, and building a relationship; a blog is just a piece of that process Build an audience; create assets that excite people and don’t depend on one channel Barry’s experience with The Article Factory, a cheap content farm; you get what you pay for Barry’s price for articles is higher because he understands SEO, writing, positioning, and conversion; he can help you reach your objectives Blogs should be educational, entertaining, and inspiring; make customers the stars of your stories and showcase in-house/guest writers with opinions High-quality content is so exciting that you want more of it; the purpose of a blog content is to get someone to subscribe to your Website Invest more time and resources to create quality content; bigger is better Successful content marketers position themselves as experts in their field; communicate authority with your posts Content Marketing: Keep trying, roll with the changes, take it seriously; success isn’t instant and you don’t hit a homerun every time Links: Feldman Creative Books by Barry Feldman The Article Factory How Publishing Crappy Content Ruins Your Rankings The (Sarcastic) Guide to Publishing a Boring Blog Joe Pulizzi Write and send a review to receive a care package If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Barry Feldman â€Å"I think there’s a horrible amount of tunnel vision where (people and companies) focus explicitly on the blog and nothing more.† â€Å"You have to think about the entire funnel capturing emails, building a community, and building a relationships and a blog is just a piece of that.† â€Å"You can build an audience in a lot of ways. But if you’re depending entirely on any one channelyou may or may not build an audience.† â€Å"Content marketing succeeds when subject matter experts and talented creatorscome together.†

SAM 400 UNIT 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SAM 400 UNIT 2 - Essay Example They have acquired a self regulatory type of focus to help develop their behavior and motivations as well. Motivation can also be achieved through a simple gesture of employee recognition. This is in line with awarding what an employee has achieved as it works to boost his or her self esteem. The American work force is made up of people from various walks of life. Its diversity is notable. With this in mind, it is necessary to consider the interpersonal relationships within the working environment. An organization can only do well if at all every employee, irrespective of their affiliations and backgrounds, is working towards achieving a similar objective. This is an aspect of cohesion such that a good leader will work on harmony, cohesion and unity in the workplace. Technological advancement is a force to reckon with in any given organization. Those who have embraced it have reaped its benefits with respect to levels of motivation that can be inspired within an organization. America has embraced technology and therefore incorporated the various related aspects to ensure efficiency in the operation of the organizations. In this case, technological events have played a key role to influence current attitudes of leadership (Mind-tools.com, 1). In America, people are aware of their rights. It is evident how the issue of equality has taken centre stage in many heated debates. Minority groups such as women, children and the gay, too have their rights that should be equally respected. These groups are known to play one part or another in various organizations. Currently, a leader has to be very sensitive to such issues in order to realize efficiency within the organization. In conclusion, leadership styles have transformed from one level to another. This is necessary to keep up with the dynamic nature of the world. Adaption ensures that a leader is on the leading edge rather than a trailing edge. Kark, Ronit and Dijk Van Dina. â€Å"Motivation to Lead,

Business strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Business strategies - Essay Example The aspect of employing diversification strategy is viewed as one of the effective as well as proficient business tactics, which assists the organisations to grow considerably in future. The word ‘diversification’ is typically linked with a specific transformation especially in the features relating with the aspect of product line or the business market of a business organisation. The major objective of implementing the facet of diversification strategy is to introduce new product in the business market along with attaining significant market share (Ansoff, n.d.). As a matter of fact, Toyota is always recognised as an innovative business organisation especially in the automobile industry. The aspect of innovation has been observed in the production system of the organisation along with the cost factor while taking the quality of its valuable products into greater heights. In this context, the main strategic reasons of Toyota in order to choose the aspect of diversificati on strategy include effectively complying with the business market demands and maintaining the technology in relation to environment friendly aspect which is constantly becoming a core principle of its several products. Furthermore, the other significant reasons behind Toyota pursuing the idea of diversification strategy broadly include viewing a better opportunity for synergy, increased rate of market competition in automobile industry and ultimately expanding its production facilities around the business world (Scribd Inc., 2012). Additionally, the different reasons behind Toyota pursuing the diversification strategy across its broad business operating regions can greatly be understood by focusing upon the targets that are made individually towards its the employees, business partners, shareholders, local community or global society and ultimately the customers. From the viewpoint of the staff, Toyota mainly prioritises diversification strategy in order to generate safer as well a s healthy working situation that would ultimately assist the organisation to make successful and effective growth in future. In terms of the business partners, Toyota strives for executing diversification strategy with the intention of establishing along with developing advantageous business relationship especially with the distributors or dealers and the suppliers. From the outlook of the shareholders, Toyota believes that the adequate execution of diversification strategy might ensure sustainable growth along with making strong and stable base for making business. With regard to the global society and local communities, Toyota realises the necessity of diversification strategy in order to respect the business culture along with the customs belonging to every country and contributing towards communal development. Moreover, with the intention of minimising congestion along with traffic accidents, the organisation i.e. Toyota deeply focuses upon the execution of diversification strat egies in relation to the global society or local community. Finally, from the perspective of the ultimate customers, Toyota seeks for delivering reliable and safe

To determine obesity Essay Example for Free

To determine obesity Essay To determine obesity the BMI score of the subject is compared to the standard table used and the percentile is taken (CDC, 2007) The BMI-for-age percentile is utilized to interpret the BMI score and one should note that BMI for the younger group is age and sex specific, this is so because amount of fat fluctuate in children and the amount of fat is also dissimilar with boys compared to girls. Obtaining the percentile is the most common indicator in assessment of the size and growth structure of the child, this percentile will be used to note the position of the BMI obtained among same age and peer groups. The weight status of the child is then determined and CDC (2007) categorized percentile ratings as follows: A table of Body Index Score is provided below: According to the NHLBI website one should also note that children who are overweight, obese or extremely obese have increased risk for diseases like type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disorders, with the risks rated as children who are overweight and carries a body index of 25-29. 9 score have increased risk for such diseases, while obese children who has a 30 – 39. 9 classed as class I and II obesity BMI have a higher risk to develop the diseases mentioned. And the extremely obese children who scores 40 and above BMI are exceedingly at risk for development of the diseases usually associated only with the older population. A table of which is provided below: Results from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), by means of measured heights and weights, designated that a projected 16 percent of children and adolescents with ages 6 to 19 years of age are obese. As it might be noted in Figure 1, this statistics represents a 45 percent mark up from the overweight estimates of 11 percent obtained from NHANES III (1988-94) not over ten years passed. Factors that Predicts Obesity in Children There are many reasons why children become obese. Although there genes do play a role in this fiasco, it will be noted that it cannot alone be blamed for the inordinate amount of obese children that has continued. The most common causative factors that are linked to obesity can be construed as genetics, as was previously mentioned, add to that a lack of physical activity, unhealthy eating habits or more likely a combination of the factors mentioned. One can say that obesity is the same for adults and children, and the underlying cause the same also, too much intake of food and very little physical activity. Realize that many children aged 8-16 years watches television for hours a day and it is shown that those children that watch the most television have the highest chance for obesity.

The Process of Respiration Essay -- Science

Aerobic: in general 1. occurs in presence of oxygen. 2. CO2 and water is produced 3. lot of energy is liberated (38 ATP) 4.occurs in plants' and animals' cells 5. C6H12O6 --> CO2 + H2O + ATP (Energy) ATP from aerobic respiration of glucose For longer periods of exercise muscle cells need oxygen supplied by the blood for aerobic respiration. This provides far more energy (36 molecules of ATP from each molecule of glucose), but the rate at which it can be produced is limited by how quickly oxygen can be provided. This is why you can’t run a marathon at the same speed as a sprint. Anaerobic: 1. occurs in absence of oxygen 2. Lactic Acid or Alchol is produced 3. relatively small energy is liberated (2ATP) 4. occurs in many anaerobic bacteria and human muscle cells. 5. in muscles, lactic acid is produced while bacteria as Yeast produces Alcohol (Ethanol) 6. C6H12O6 --> Lactic acid / C2H5OH + ATP ATP from anaerobic respiration of glucose Anaerobic respiration doesn’t provide much ATP (2 ATP molecules for each glucose molecule),but it is quick, since it doesn’t r...

Marijuana Should Be Legal for Anyone over 21

Marijuana should be legalized for recreational purposes to anyone over 21 years of age. Marijuana has been proven to be safer than alcohol, yet marijuana is against the law. Alcohol is known to contribute to acts of violence and crime, while in most cases cannabis can reduce aggression in its users. â€Å"In last year’s cases of reported violent crime three million offenders had been drinking. Almost all cases of date rape, sexual assault, and domestic violence had some kind of connection to alcohol† (Medical Fact: Marijuana is Safer Than Alcohol, 2009). Marijuana has not been linked or has been left absent from any of those type of crime reports. Alcohol-related traffic accidents have gone down in the past 20 to 30 years; however, they still kill approximately 14,000 lives every year according to MADD. The numbers for THC-related traffic deaths are very rare because most of the deaths in these cases the driver was also under the influence of alcohol or other drugs. However, â€Å"there is evidence from a number of studies, including some laboratory simulations that give power to the idea that people under the influence of cannabis seem to be aware of their impaired motor skills, and two tend to drive below the posted speed limit. People under the influence of alcohol are more likely to unaware or defiant about their impaired state and most tend to speed or drive recklessly† (RN, How Many People Actually Die from Marijuana and Alcohol, 2010). Some of the main concerns about legalizing marijuana are if marijuana causes any type of cancer or long time health effects. â€Å"Alcohol abuse as we know can contribute too many different long-term negative health problems, mainly cirrhosis of the liver and other types of cancers. There are some doctors that state that a small quantity of alcohol, taken daily, is good for salutary health effects, alcohol is still one of the worst drugs that someone could take for pain management† (Kaufman, 2008). Marijuana has not been linked to cause any type of cancer but instead is used to treat some side effects of cancer and cancer treatment. Studies have been done to see if marijuana has any link to causing cancer. Donald Tashkin from the University of California Los Angeles is a pulmonologist that has studied marijuana and its effects for over 30 years. He stated that â€Å"New findings were against our expectation. A study was done were we hypothesized that there would be an association between marijuana and lung cancer, and with heavier use of the drug that the link would be even more positive. Instead we found that there was no association at all, we even found that THC might have some protective effects against cancer† (Tashkin, 2009). Many states have already made marijuana legal for medical use because of all its positive effects on the user. Some government officials are trying to keep marijuana illegal because they say it is a gateway drug, and will lead children to harder drugs such as methamphetamine and cocaine. However the RAND study performed by the U. S. National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (which measures patterns and frequency of self-reported drug use among Americans) found that â€Å"Marijuana experimentation by adolescents does not lead to the use of harder drug’s, and that teenagers who tried hard drugs were predisposed to do so whether or not they tried marijuana. Almost anything can be called a gateway drug in today’s time. Most people can remember a popular candy know as Candy Cigarettes. â€Å"Candy Cigarettes that are exactly the way you remember them as a kid. Each pack has 10 white candy sticks with a red tip, ready to be rolled up in your T-shirt sleeve† (Oldtime Candy Company, 2010). I asked my parents about my use of Candy Cigarettes. â€Å"When you were 8 or 9 you always wanted to act cool like the older guys on our street. You would always ask for those things, and you and your best friend would stand outside playing with them. If I would have known that it would have led to you really smoking I would have never bought them† (Anderson, 2011). The statement â€Å"marijuana is a lot safer than alcohol† cannot go unchallenged and should be debated. One important subject is the risk that marijuana use (especially in young adults) can lead to some kinds of mental illness. â€Å"Studies support findings that risk of schizophrenia doubles in young abusers† (U. S. National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 2009). According to Joseph Califano Jr. CASA founder and chairman of Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (CASA) â€Å"If we were to make marijuana legal and taxed it, for approximately every dollar of tax revenue, there could be as much as seven dollars incurred in medical costs†. Legalizing marijuana would mean that it would be easier for the drug to get in the hands of kids. According to CASA findings â€Å"Despite reported declines in teen marijuana use in 2007, almost eleven million teens report using marijuana. Marijuana is a major substance that is being abused among teens in America. More than five times the increase in such findings for all other substance abuse. † With marijuana becoming so popular again with teens most people believe that we should keep the drug illegal. Marijuana should be legalized for recreational purposes to anyone over 21 years of age. Studies have shown that it is safer than alcohol, and is being use by a wide spread of society. Money from taxation of marijuana can be used to benefit schools, decrease the deficit, and lower prison rates and populations for minor offenders and misdemeanors. Marijuana has not been shown to cause cancer, but instead help with some of the side effects. As well as reduce aggression in its users. No Drug is good and all of them need to be regulated in some type of way. However, marijuana use is not going stop. We as a society need to control it and gain from it. Legalizing marijuana and putting laws, similar to the ones for alcohol, in effect would increase the use of marijuana amongst our society, but it would also bring in money that is in great need for our schools.

Bottled Water Industry

Running Head: Competition in the bottled water industry in 2006. The intent of this paper is to provide possible course of action according to analysis made for this case. Table of Contents Title Page Table of contents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 Executive summary†¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 Macro-Environmental Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Industry and competitive analysis†¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 Economic traits of the industry.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 Five forces analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 Strategic group mapping†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 Key Competitor’s analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 Key success factors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 Is this industry attractive or unattractive?.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 Company situation analysis.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 13 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The present Case Analysis is the result of the rapid growth of the bottled water Industry in the last decade. Many authors and analysts believe that this Industry has become a very important part of the economy, therefore the importance of the analysis of the sector, its competitors and its strategies. With global revenues exceeding $62 billion in 2005, bottled water was among the world? most attractive beverages categories (Gamble, John E. – Thompson Jr. , Arthur A. , 2007, p. 254) and an expected growth of 30 percent between 2005 and 2010; the companies in the sector have noticed the importance of good strategies to compete not only in local but in globa l markets. History and statistics show us that strategies and the products by themselves can make the difference between success and failure. This Case Analysis provides coverage of essential data that allow us to see the evolution of the Bottled Water Industry, its competitors, markets, forecasts, strategies and possible alternative courses of action. We also analyze the situation and performance of Coca-Cola as a key competitor in the Industry. And finally we present some recommendations that companies in the sector can use to have competitive advantages in front their competitors. MACRO ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS Technology Almost 50% of bottled water consumed in US in 1990 was delivered in returnable five-gallon containers and dispensed through coolers, called HOD due to home and office delivery. At that time, only 186 million gallons of water were sold in one-liter or smaller single-serving polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles. In 2005 there were high-density polyethilene (HDPE) containers for 1-2. 4 gallons. (Gamble, John E. – Thompson Jr. , Arthur A. , 2007, p. 257) Technology needed in this industry is not cutting edge technology, so it is considered as medium technology since quality controls must be pretty high due to health problems might appear and sink a company. Legislation & Regulations Bottled water producers in the United States were required to meet the standards of both the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Like some other food and beverage products sold in US, bottled water was subject to such food safety and labeling requirements as nutritional labeling provisions and general good manufacturing practices (GMPs). Bottled water GMPs were mandated under the 1962 Kefauver-Harris Drug Amendments to the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938 and established specifications for plant construction and design, sanitation, equipment design and construction, production and process controls, and record keeping. Bottled water producers could also voluntarily become members of the International Water Association (IBWA) and agree to comply with its model code, which went beyond the standards of the EPA, FDA, or state agencies (Gamble, John E. – Thompson Jr. , Arthur A. , 2007, p. 258) Societal values & Lifestyles Convenience and portability were two of a variety reasons US consumers were increasingly attracted to bottled water. A heightened emphasis on healthy lifestyles and improved consumer awareness of the need for proper hydration led many consumers to shift traditional beverage preferences toward bottled water. A certain amount of industry growth was attributable to increased concerns over the quality of tap water provided by municipal water sources (Gamble, John E. – Thompson Jr. , Arthur A. , 2007, p. 257). Religion in most of the countries won’t be a big influence for this industry since it is a basic need. Similar situation with General economic conditions and population demographics, water is a basic need and tables below shows poor countries like Mexico are in the top places consuming bottled water, actually near 100% of the water consumed in Mexico is bottled. INDUSTRY AND COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS Market Size and growth rate: Global revenues exceeding $62 billion in 2005, bottled water was among the world’s most attractive beverage categories. Industry revenues were forecast to grow by an additional 30 percent between 2005 and 2010 to reach approximately $82 billion. Bottled water had long been a widely consumed product in Western Europe and Mexico, where annual per capita consumption approached or exceeded 40 gallons in 2005, but until the mid-1990s bottled water had been somewhat of a novelty or prestige product in the United States. In 1990, approximately 2. 2 billion gallons of bottled water were consumed in the United States and per capita consumption approximated 9 gallons. U. S. per capita consumption had grown to more than 25 gallons by 2005. The rising popularity of bottled water in the United States during the late 1990s and early 2000s had allowed the United States to become the world’s largest market for bottled water, with annual volume sales of nearly 7. 5 billion gallons in 2005. In 2006, emerging-country markets in Asia and South America seemed to be replicating the impressive growth of bottled water in the United States, with annual growth rates exceeding 20 percent. Even though it was the world’s largest market for bottled water, the United States remained among the faster-growing markets for bottle water according to per capita consumption rates. Whereas the bottled water market in the United States grew by 10. 7 percent between 2004 and 2005 to reach 7. 5 billion gallons, the U. S. carbonated soft drink market declined by 0. percent. Beginning in the late 1990s, consumers began to appreciate the convenience and portability of water bottled in single-serving PET containers that could be purchased chilled from a convenience store and drunk immediately. By 2005, bottled water sold in two-liter or smaller PET containers accounted for 60. 8 percent of industry volume. The unit sales of bottled water packaged in PET containers grew by 22. 5 percent betw een 2004 and 2005. Water sold in five-gallon containers used in the home and office delivery(HOD) market accounted for only 17. percent of industry volume in 2005 and grew by only 0. 2 percent between 2004 and 2005. Similarly, water sold in 1-or 2. 5-gallon high-density polyethylene containers accounted for just 16. 5 percent of industry volume in 2005 and grew by only 1. 0 percent between 2004 and 2005 (Gamble, John E. – Thompson Jr. , Arthur A. , 2007, p. 254-257). Number of rivals: Although there might a lot of local brands, this case is focused in 4 main giants: Nestle Waters, Groupe Danone, The Coca-Cola Company, and PepsiCo Inc. , a) Economic traits of the industry. The segment of bottled water is not only the one with the faster growth of the industry of soft drinks, but the most profitable. The best of all, from the point of view of the bottled water industry, is that people is paying for water, a product that used to be free. Now, the consumers accept the price not only as fair, but as preferable. Consumers all around the globe have shown their desire to spend money in bottled water. We can see a fast growth rate of bottled water sales in the United States, Mexico, China, Brazil, Indonesia, and some countries of Europe. From 2003 to 2008 we have seen compound annual growth rates of 15. 6 % in China, 9. 6% in Indonesia, 8. 3% in Mexico, and 6. 7% in United States (exhibit 4. 1). |GLOBAL BOTTLED WATER MARKET | |Leading Countries’ Consumption and Compound Annual Growth Rates | |2003 – 2008 | |2008 Millions Of Gallons CAGR* |Rank Countries 2003 2008 2003/08 | |1 United States 6,269. 8 8,665. 6 6. 7% | |2 Mexico 4,357. 6 6,501. 5 8. 3% | |3 China 2,523. 6 5,207. 7 15. % | |4 Brazil 2,842. 0 3,775. 7 5. 8% | |5 Italy 2,734. 2 3,140. 5 2. 8% | |6 Indonesia 1,834. 7 2,899. 5 9. 6% | |7 Germany 2,628. 2,863. 1 1. 7% | |8 France 2,352. 9 2,218. 4 -1. 2% | |9 Thailand 1,303. 4 1,705. 6 5. 5% | |10 Spain 1,346. 8 1,291. 3 -0. 8% | |Top 10 Subtotal 28,193. 5 38,268. 9 6. % | |All Others 9,917. 3 14,427. 9 7. 8% | |WORLD TOTAL 38,110. 8 52,696. 8 6. 7% | |* Compound annual growth rate | |Source: Beverage Marketing Corporation Exhibit 4. | The revenues exceeded $62 billion in 2005, and indust ry revenues were forecasted to grow by an additional 30 percent between 2005 and 2010, to reach approximately $82 billion. With averages prices of $5. 00 for a 24-pack of bottled water in 2005 and a consumption of gallons per capita shown in exhibit 4. 2, we can say that the economic reality of the Bottled Water Industry is really promising. | | |GLOBGLOBAL BOTTLED WATER MARKET |Per Capita Consumption by Leading Countries | |2003 – 2008 | | | |2008 Gallons Per Capita | |Rank Countries 2003 2008 | |1 Mexico 41. 5 59. | |2 Italy 47. 1 54. 0 | |3 United Arab Emirates 25. 4 39. 7 | |4 Belgium-Luxembourg 35. 1 39. 0 | |5 Germany 31. 9 34. 8 | |6 France 39. 1 34. 6 | |7 Spain 33. 5 31. 9 | |8 Lebanon 25. 30. 5 | |9 Hungary 16. 2 29. 2 | |10 United States 21. 6 28. 5 | |11 Switzerland 25. 4 26. 3 | |12 Austria 22. 7 26. 1 | |13 Thailand 20. 26. 0 | |14 Slovenia 20. 5 26. 0 | |15 Czech Republic 22. 2 25. 6 | |16 Qatar 19. 6 25. 6 | |17 Saudi Arabia 23. 3 25. 2 | |18 Croati a 16. 4 25. | |19 Cyprus 22. 8 24. 0 | |20 Bulgaria 11. 4 23. 1 | |GLOBAL AVERAGE 6. 0 7. 9 | | | |Source: Beverage Marketing Corporation Exhibit 4. 2 | b) Five Forces Analysis. 1. – The threat of substitute products or services. The buyer propensity to substitute products is a reality in the bottled water industry, people is looking for healthier and innovative products, such as flavored water, non calories water, and vitamin added water. Other substitute products are tea, coffee, milk, and beer, but bottled water has surpassed these beverage categories in term of consumption in the United States since 2003. And there is no way the relative price performance of substitutes is going to be better than the price of the bottled water. 2. – The threat of the entry of new competitors. Profitable markets that yield high returns will draw firms. This results in many new entrants, which eventually will decrease profitability. Unless the entry of new firms can be blocked by incumbents, the profit rate will fall towards a competitive level. But in this case, the biggest competitors have the majority of the global market, only a few small competitor are capable of maintain their consumers. Just a competitor who is able to offer big quantities of bottled water at a low price is going to enter this industry. Such is the case of beer producers who have the technology and infrastructure, but that according to some experts, they are just waiting for the industry to reach its maturity. . – The intensity of competitive rivalry. For most industries, the intensity of competitive rivalry is the major determinant of the competitiveness of the industry. There are a few global competitors in the industry, such as Nestle Waters, Groupe Danone, The Coca-Cola Company, and PepsiCo Inc. , but almost in every country there are small competi tors who only have part in a specific segment of the industry, and the consumers are loyal to the brand because of its exclusiveness and quality of the water. 4. – The bargaining power of customers. The bargaining power of customers is also described as the market of outputs: the ability of customers to put the firm under pressure, which also affects the customer's sensitivity to price changes. The price sensitivity of buyers around the globe is big concern for the leading sellers of the industry, but consumers will not stop buying bottled water just because a high price, they may only change from one brand to another or in the best scenario form one flavor to another, because bottled water today is considered as a basic product. The uniqueness of the industry products lies in the interest of the consumers to have a healthier lifestyle; this is a benefit that no other soft drink can provide to the buyer. 5. – The bargaining power of suppliers. The bargaining power of suppliers is also described as the market of inputs. Suppliers of raw materials, components, labor, and services (such as expertise) to the firm can be a source of power over the firm, when there are few substitutes. Suppliers may refuse to work with the firm, or, charge excessively high prices for unique resources. The suppliers to the bottled water industry include municipal water systems; spring operators; bottling equipment manufactures; deionization, reverse osmosis, and filtration equipment manufactures; manufactures of PET and HDPE bottles and plastic caps; label printer; and secondary packing suppliers. Sellers of purified water are able not only to pay less for a bottle of water, but also to avoid spring water? s inbound shipping costs since water arrives through the municipal water system. c) Strategic Group Mapping. d) Key competitor’s analysis. The leading sellers in the industry of bottled water in the world are just a few, beginning with Nestle waters, Groupe Danone, The Coca-Cola Company, PepsiCo, CG Roxanne, Fiji, Voss, Penta and Trinity Springs. Since bottled water gained wide spread acceptance in the United States, most sellers introduced in 2006 a variation of products that included flavoring, vitamins, carbohydrates, electrolytes, and other supplements. The competitors in the industry have not only bottled water but enhanced waters or functional waters available in every single market. The top four U. S. bottled water marketers for 2003-2004 are shown in exhibit 4. . SOURCES 1. Bolman, L. G. & Deal, T. E. (2008). Reframing organizations: Artistry, Choice, and Leadership. San Francisco, CA :Jossey-Bass. 2. Gannon, Martin J. (2004). Understanding Global Cultures. London, UK: SAGE Publications. 3. Neulip, James W. (2009). Intercultural Communication. London, UK: Sage Publications. 4. Pugh, D. S. & Hickson, D. J. (1997) . Writers on organizations. London, UK: Penguin Books. 5. Jabil Circuit Co. (2009). Retrieved March 15, 2009 at http://www. jabil. com 6. Jabil Circuit de Mexico (2009). Retrieved March 15, 2009 at http://jabilweb intranet.

Most people living in the eastern United States are not

Most people living in the eastern United States are not Most people living in the eastern United States are not aware of a great pollution problem confronting the western United States each winter. The problem is the snowmobile. During the winter in the western and northwestern United States, roads are often closed due to inclement winter weather forcing inhabitants to use snowmobiles. Snowmobiles are able to move quickly and effortlessly through snow. Therefore, it is a popular winter transport in this area of the country. Snowmobiling is a popular sport as well throughout Canada and is consistently growing in the northern United States. It also is very popular in the colder regions of Europe. Many environmentalists contend that snowmobiles are a threat to wildlife, plant life and air quality. In addition, snowmobiles are very noisy machines and are generally used in rural areas disturbing the peaceful out-of-doors.A typical snowmobile includes: two short skis in the front, a wide track belt, if you will, toward the rear, throttle cable, carburetor, fuel filter, manual starter, storage compartment, bogie wheel set, fuel tank, brake shoe, muffler, 2-cylinder engine, and a steering column.Lower Yellowstone Falls closeup. Yellowstone Natio...

Chicago Referencing †How to Cite a Book

Chicago Referencing – How to Cite a Book Chicago Referencing – How to Cite a Book The Chicago Manual of Style actually sets out rules for two separate citation styles: in-text â€Å"author–date† citations and a footnote/bibliography system. Depending on your outlook, this dual system is either admirably versatile or unhelpfully confusing. Nevertheless, whichever approach you’re using, it’s vital that you know how to cite a book correctly. On our academic blog today, we run through the basics for doing this using both approaches. Author–Date Citations As with many parenthetical referencing systems, Chicago-style author–date citations require you to provide the author’s surname and the date of publication in the main text when referencing a source. A citation of a book by cheeky French philosopher Paul Ricoeur would, therefore, appear as: Interpretation involves the metaphorical and speculative domains of meaning (Ricoeur 1978). If the author is named in the text, only the year is required in the citation. The only other thing you’ll need to provide in in-text citations are relevant page numbers when quoting a source: Ricoeur (1978, 17) states that â€Å"metaphor is defined in terms of movement.† All cited texts should then be added to a reference list at the end of your document, with sources listed alphabetically by author surname and full publication details provided. For a book, this includes: Author Surname, First Name. Year of Publication. Title. City of Publication: Publisher. In Ricoeur’s case, this translates to: Ricoeur, Paul. 1978. The Rule of Metaphor. London: Routledge Kegan Paul. Footnotes/Bibliography The other form of Chicago referencing places citations in footnotes, as indicated by superscript numbers in the main text (e.g., 1, 2, 3). The information required for the first citation of a book is: n. Author Name, Title (City of Publication: Publisher, Year), Page Number(s). Returning to our philosopher friend, the first footnote for The Rule of Metaphor would therefore appear as: 1. Paul Ricoeur, The Rule of Metaphor (London: Routledge Kegan Paul, 1978), 24. Subsequent citations of the same text can be shorted to just author surname, a shortened version of the book title and the relevant page number (or â€Å"pinpoint reference,† as it is otherwise known): 2. Ricoeur, Rule of Metaphor, 112. As well as footnotes, this version of Chicago referencing lists all cited texts in a bibliography at the end of the document. The information required is similar to the first footnote, but with slightly different punctuation and the author name reversed so that sources can be listed alphabetically by surname: Ricoeur, Paul. The Rule of Metaphor. London: Routledge Kegan Paul, 1978. A Final Thought Since these two versions of Chicago referencing are very different, the single most important thing you can do before you begin writing is check which version is specified by your style guide. Also, it’s worth mentioning that Paul Ricoeur would probably have rejected being described as â€Å"cheeky.† Nevertheless, it’s how we prefer to think of him.

Offshoring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Offshoring - Essay Example Offshoring, not only helps reduce the cost of operations of a company, but may also benefit in terms of promotion in overseas markets. For some companies, offshoring of selective company processes may be the solution to their problems; for others total shifting may provide the desired outcome. Whatever the purpose may be, considerable data has accumulated to support the fact that offshoring for some companies has a survival value. Discussion Although offshoring has a number of advantages, there are number of issues that arise due to its very nature. A prominent cause of disruption in business processes can be related to the distance that exists between the control center and operation center. The distance may be in terms of physical or geographical locations or in terms of cultural or social factors. The term used for a team working in geographically dispersed settings is GDT (globally distributed team). It is defined as a team of workers; (Contractor, 2011) Related to the same organ ization Serving a universal purpose and working in an inter-dependent manner Using communication based on technological means Located in different geographical locations around the globe Benefits Generally, the perception is that offshoring countries lose finances to the countries to which services are offshored; this is however contrary to the reality and experts are of the opinion that it is not only the offshoring country that benefits from the process but also the offshored country that gains benefit (Farrell, 2006). It therefore appears mutually rewarding for all the countries that are part of the process. It is perhaps a means of promoting the concept of globalization where every country plays its role for the collective benefit of all. The first and foremost benefit of offshoring is related to financial savings. This is clearly manifested by the fact that the vast majority of offshoring is directed towards third world countries, where labor is considerably cheaper than the so urce country. In addition to the financial savings, the company also benefits from entering the new potential markets of the offshored countries. Since production is often carried out in such countries, the products are easily introduced into the local market which may provide an additional source of income for the company. Using locally produced raw material of low cost, the company is often in a position to not only earn profits from local markets, but also use their own market to earn huge profits. A number of benefits for the destination countries are related to direct investment which is received in return for services offered. These benefits may be in the form of country's growth, technology transfer, job creation and in some cases the firms offering services also benefit from the process of offshoring (OECD, 2007). Although the level of benefit obtained in this regard may vary from case to case; yet the projected benefits give an idea about the possibilities of improvement re lated to offshoring. Dilemma of offshoring Offshoring has affected the lives of a number of people living in the developed countries. To maintain their standard of life they require higher compensation rates as compared to their equally qualified counterparts residing in third world countries. A number of companies of the developed countries are able to get the same services from experts residing in under-developed

Deism as a Worldview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Deism as a Worldview - Essay Example divine revelations and holy books of revealed religion. Essentially, through the use of Reason, a belief in God is determined by the observation of the order and complexity found in nature and our own personal experiences of nature. The nature of God has been a point of contention for Deism because it has been defined as a religion that acknowledges a specific nature of God but in actuality it does not and leaves it up to the individual Deist to determine what they believe that nature to be. Overall, Deism is not a hard concept to understand as Deists use Reason and rational thought to develop their view on God, morals and life. [3] History : Deistic thinking has existed since ancient times (e.g., in philosophers such as Heraclitus and most especially Plato, who envisaged God as the Demiurge or 'craftsman') and in many cultures. The word Deism is generally used to refer to the movement toward natural theology or freethinking that occurred in 17th-century Europe, and specifically in Britain. Natural theology is a facet of the revolution in world view that occurred in Europe in the 17th century.[4] The 17th century saw a remarkable advance in scientific knowledge: the scientific revolution. The work of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo destroyed the old notion that the earth was the center of the universe and showed that the universe was incredibly larger than ever imagined. These discoveries posed a serious challenge to biblical authority and to the religious authorities, Galileo's condemnation for heresy being an especially visible example. In consequence, the Bible came to be seen as authoritative on matters of faith and morals but no longer authoritative (or meant... Deistic thinking has existed since ancient times and in many cultures. The word Deism is generally used to refer to the movement toward natural theology or freethinking that occurred in 17th-century Europe, and specifically in Britain. Natural theology is a facet of the revolution in a worldview that occurred in Europe in the 17th century. The 17th century saw a remarkable advance in scientific knowledge: the scientific revolution. The work of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo destroyed the old notion that the earth was the center of the universe and showed that the universe was incredibly larger than ever imagined. These discoveries posed a serious challenge to biblical authority and to the religious authorities, Galileo's condemnation for heresy being an especially visible example. In consequence, the Bible came to be seen as authoritative on matters of faith and morals but no longer authoritative (or meant to be) on matters of science. Isaac Newton's discovery of universal gravitati on explained the behavior both of objects here on earth and of objects in the heavens. It promoted a worldview in which the natural universe is controlled by laws of nature. This, in turn, suggested a theology in which God created the universe, set it in motion controlled by natural law, and retired from the scene. The new awareness of the explanatory power of universal natural law also produced a growing skepticism about such religious staples as miracles (i.e., violations of natural law) and about books, such as the Bible, that reported them.

What does Benedict Anderson's concept imagined community mean when Essay

What does Benedict Anderson's concept imagined community mean when comparing the idea of nationalism - Essay Example The process of Anderson’s imagined community is fundamental in understanding the elements of entry and connection in nationalism. It transcends the idea that nationhood is fabricated or merely imaginary discourses. This is the reason why the concept of imagined community is very popular among social theorists. The thesis is not that explicitly constructivist but the idea captures the intensity of the concepts such as nationalism and nationhood. As an imagined community, a nation is provided a narrative meaning for individuals that constitute it by allowing the imagination of a territory of the nation without having personally to encounter it and its inhabitants. The approach does not see nationalism as a discourse of power or one of ideology but one of cultural meaning and cognition. In imagined community†, gaps could still be found – there are limitations in regard to the explanation of the elements that characterize the concept. Indeed, Anderson, himself, have l eft open several areas and questions because the subject is dynamic. However, these do not entirely undermine the potency of Anderson’s vision. All in all, Anderson’s most significant contribution here is that he was able to address all the anomalies that most theorists have created or was not able to tackle in defining nationalism.

International Olympic Committee

International Olympic Committee Introduction: Now a day, to present and promote the national identity and cultures on a global scale, hosting the international games is the one of the greatest way. On 6 July 2005 the International Olympic Committee has given the right to stage the 2012 summer Olympic and Paralympics Games to London. Now its necessary to find out whether its good the Economy of UK or what affects will be on the UK. The pros and cons of the London 2012: [P1] As London is going to host the 2012 Olympic Games, we have to find out some advantages and disadvantages of hosting the 2012 Olympic Games. Even though its estimated that there will be  £2 Billion in tourism revenue and its predicted that the benefits of the game will be felt across the whole of the UK with becoming the centre of the worlds attention, there are so many disadvantages of the hosting of such a big games. Advantages of hosting the 2012 Olympic games: 1. Urban regeneration: Due to Olympic 2012, Government making a new stadium with setting capacity of 80000 and this will be the main focus area for Olympic. This East-end side is bit less developed area in comparison to other part of the London. So due to Olympic 2012 this area will be developing area very soon. 2. Housing: Government is building 5000 homes for the Olympic village which will be using for housing of the local people after the Olympic. It will increase the housing cost of the area. 3. Transport Improvement: As large number of visitor will be visiting during the Olympic, Government is improving the transport line rapidly. Following Improvements are mainly focused: a. Building a channel Tunnel which will connect Stratford with Kings Cross b. Increasing the jubilee line capacity by 45% c. Extending the DLR network d. Major improvement work in East London line which is costing around  £1bn. 4. Jobs: East end is known as a area where unemployment rate is very high. As this area has become the Olympic Zone, now there are lots of short-term jobs opportunity is there which may help to reduce the unemployment rate. 5. Tourism: UK is expecting the number of tourist will increase rapidly due to the Olympic. 6. Financial Benefits: A city may receive lots of benefits from Olympic games. If we look at previous Olympic history we can see that Barcelona was able to do vast urban renewal from the gained revenue of Olympic. Sydney was also able to generate huge revenue from the tourist and it also increase the number of tourist for the city. 7. Employment Effects: As we describe earlier Olympic creates lots of job which helps to reduce the unemployment rate.. 8. Intangible Benefits: There are lots of benefit for being host city of big event like Olympic. It could be tourist perspective, employment creation, development of particular area, improvement of transportation system, being the focus placed for the rest of the world. [http://olympics.pthimon.co.uk/londonadv.htm] Disadvantages of hosting the 2012 Olympic game: ïÆ'Ëœ Cost: Cost of hosting a big event is the main drawback. Government may need to spend around  £2.373bn for Olympic 2012 and it is predicted which may increase. There could be huge operating loss which is nearly  £500million. ïÆ'Ëœ Lakes of long term job: Olympic is creating short-term job but it is not creating any long term jobs. So that after the Olympic, unemployment rate may increase rapidly. ïÆ'Ëœ Olympic Debt: With the Olympic Games being of the scale that it currently is, there is a risk of ending up in huge financial deficit if preparations are not organised or overseen properly. The result is a debt that lasts for years, as happened at the 1976 Montreal Olympics. ïÆ'Ëœ Rising Consumer Prices/Rent: As we know that if demand increases, price will increase. So that price of product and rent may increase during the Olympic which will have a serious negative impact to the local poor resident. For example, is an area in which landlords will be able to charge 10 times their normal price during the surge of visitors to Athens in 2004. If too many prices shoot upwards in this way, a lot of poorer locals may find goods or services which they used to be able to afford are now out of reach. However, this change may not be affect larger cities. Cities such as Montreal and Los Angeles did not undergo any significant price surges around the Games, and price changes were consistent with those in surrounding cities. [[http://olympics.pthimon.co.uk/londonadv.htm]] Impact on Environment and Other stakeholder: [P2] The London 2012 Olympic and Paralympics Games will bring a wide range of positive impacts to the region. These include transport infrastructure, employment, skills, and economic, social and environmental impacts. Many benefits include opportunities to showcase the region through various Olympic-related media. It has to be monitored noise, dust which is around the Olympic park. The waterways which runs around the park must need to be protected so that storing chemicals, oils do not run into the water ways. Arrange a huge event like an Olympic can easily effect on environment. It can be effect environment in different way like Carbon emission: In this mega event its very possible to environment effected by carbon emission. But Olympic committee has set an inspirational goal ‘Towards a One Planet Olympic. They try to keep carbon emission as low as possible. London 2012 has pledged to undertake a study of the carbon footprint of the Games. The first draft of the carbon footprint and associated carbon management strategy, including a reference scenario and numbers quantifying emissions, is due to be published by the end of July 2008. This will then be revised in light of lessons learnt in Beijing Energy: For running this Olympic it needs a huge amount of energy. There is a possibility lots of energy can be waste as well. So London 2012 planning a proper energy plan for reduces waste of energy. Waste: In this Olympic game there will be lots of tourist who will come from all over the world. In this time London population going to be increase as well as waste. Because lots of people will dumps huge amount of waste every day. It can easily affect on environment. As further plans for waste infrastructure and minimising food packaging and other Games time waste are developed over the next few years it will become clearer whether the positive goals for waste management will be achieved [http://www.london2012.com/plans/olympic-park/getting-ready/environmental-monitoring.php] Other stakeholder: London Development Agency which is a subsidiary of the Mayor of London, its investing around  £15 million for games and improvement of Lower Lea Valley. [http://www.londonnet.co.uk/ln/guide/about/olympics2012_stakeholders.html] Comparison with other Olympic: [P3] First of all lets have look at the Beijing Olympic 2008. Beijing Olympic can be treat as a one of the successful Olympic. Chinese President Hu Jintao declared open the 29th summer Olympic Games of Beijing in the National Stadium in north Beijing. For the Olympic they have built 12 new stadiums with 11 existing stadiums and 8 temporary stadiums. On the other hand for London 2012 Olympic one of the biggest Olympic park construction going on where the setting capacity will be around 80000. To prepare for Olympic visitors, Beijings transportation infrastructure was expanded significantly. Beijing airport had a major expansion, adding the new Terminal 3 which is the worlds largest airport terminal. They reopened the Beijing south railway station after remodelling. They have introduced Beijing-Tianjin intercity train to connect with co-host city. On the other hand for London 2012 Olympic the government has already introduced major construction for London underground, and approximately 7.7 million tickets are available for sale for the London 2012 Olympic Games. An estimated 1.5 million spectators are expected to watch the Paralympics Games.. If you compare the investment, London 2012 Olympic are investing for then Beijing Olympic. London 2012 has got more sponsor then Beijing Olympic. House of common has approved budget of 5.3 billion pound for construction of venues [http://getsmaart.com/student-guides/index.php/student-life-advice/London_2012_Update] Impact on local business: [P4] The London 2012 Olympic and Paralympics Games will bring a wide range of positive impacts to the region. These include transport infrastructure, employment, skills, and economic, social and environmental impacts. Many benefits include opportunities to showcase the region through various Olympic-related media. Many small business premises have to move away due to manufacturing the main park. Its really worse to business owner, because they have been doing business for long time and when move to new place it will take long time to settle down. On the other hand, During the Olympic number of tourist will increase. They will come to London to visit and they will spend money over here. So that its a great opportunity for the local business to increase the profitability. For business people, 2012 London Olympics will not be just a gathering of sports events and countries—not just for entertainment—but more than that, it is going to be a huge potential business. Many people from different countries, various races and colours, will converge in one place and this just means, great business opportunity. There is a great deal of investment that is being pumped into the country and the area in particular and many are looking at the business opportunities that will come about as a result of this huge sports gathering. The London 2012 Olympics will be a great venue for the local United Kingdom based athletes as they look to showcase their talents to the country at large. There are also some potential negative impacts to the region as a result of the Games. The South West may experience a decrease in tourism as a result of displacement or negative effects on staging the sailing events. Research shows there are a number of ‘Olympic aversion markets that can increase tourism flows outside host cities. A number of national and international tourists may choose to not visit the region during 2012 because of perceived congestion and overcrowding. Through a structured and co-ordinated approach, the South West can plan accordingly for the tourism opportunities of people staying away or at home during the Games themselves. One such market will be London residents wanting to escape the Games, and the South West is one of the UK regions that has recognised the potential of this market, with the South West England Legacy Strategy for the 2012 Games noting the potential to capitalise on the displacement of UK citizens from London; this can be mitigated by d eveloping events (big screen, festivals etc.) to attract visitors. [http://blogstuck.com/sports-sports-more-sports/2012-london-olympics-jobs-why-should-england-host-the-olympics/3239/] Impacts on economy: The total cost of the hosting Olympic 2012 will be around  £736 million and if could affect in welfare of London around  £4003 million. So that Olympic 2012 will affecting significantly to the local economy which can help to recover the recession. There will a great opportunity for the economy to be stronger. For example, The Olympic 2012 games will impact in London economy because many tourist will come here, the hotel business will increase at that time, Food, drink business will increase. Because many people, tourist comes here and they will buy food, drink for them On the other hand we should also know that hosting of Olympic could be courses for huge loss. For example we can tell about Munich Olympics 1972. They made loses of  £178 million and in 1976 Montreal made losses of  £692. If we look at 1984 los angels Olympic and 1992 Barcelona Olympics they made around  £215 million profit as because of the increased economic performance , creation of large market, and broadcasting rights. So that Olympic 2012 could affect significantly to local economy. Micro and Macro Environmental Factors related with Olympic: [P7] There are some uncontrollable factors which has got impact on the business organisation. As like that Olympic Games could be affected by some micro and macro environmental factors and it could influence on the number of tourist. Factors or elements in an organizations immediate area of operations that affect its performance and decision making freedom. These factors include competitors, customers, distribution channels, suppliers, and the general public. Example for Olympic 2012: ïÆ'Ëœ Competitor- There is no competitor in London 2012 Olympic ïÆ'Ëœ Customer- Peoples who buy the Olympic events ticket. ïÆ'Ëœ Suppliers- Construction firms, workers. For macro environment we can say the economic factors, environmental factor political factors, technical factors, social environment and for micro environmental factors it includes the supplier, stakeholders, government, and competitor. These are the factors has got significant impact on the Olympic Games also. For example currently the political, situation of UK is satiable. So that tourist can visit UK without any fear. So that each an every factor has got significant impact. Marco and Micro environmental factors also has got affect on SMEs growth. To find out the macro and micro environmental factors on the SMEs growth we can have a look on the PESTAL and Potters five forces Analysis. PESTEL analysis: [P6] It is a part of the external analysis when doing market research and gives a certain overview of the different macro environmental factors that the company has to take into consideration. Political factors include areas such as tax policy, employment laws, environmental regulations, trade restrictions and tariffs and political stability. Political Factor: A political factor is one of the major factors which have got significant impact on SMEs. In UK political situation is stable and Politian appreciates small and medium business. All the existing rules regulation of business and the spending power of the customers are very good for SMEs. Economic Factor: As marketers need to consider the state of the trading economy in the state of a trading economy in the short and long tern. The economic condition of UK is much better then any other country for SMEs. In UK economic growth is very good; customer has got more spending power. So that its very helpful for the SMEs. Sericulture Factors: the social and cultural influence on business very from county to country. As UK is a multinational country it a good place to do business. Peoples already adopted with so many culture and they do respect each other. Here people would like to spend so that its good for SMEs. Also when customers do perceived that their cultural values are being respected by the business as evident in its market(ing) strategy and customer handling, they will respond more positively to the business and its revenues will increase. Technological Factors: Industry change is driving insurers to reinvent themselves by building new strategies and deploying new technologies. But it isnt easy in the tight economic market to fund new projects while prioritizing investments. It is more crucial than ever to know when to be an early adopter, and when to be a fast follower. Kimberly Harris-Ferranti, research vice president, Gartner, Inc., recently discussed opportunities to achieve a first-mover advantage, and others where it is acceptable to follow the crowd. As UK is technologically advanced it easy to get access to the new technology which is helpful for SMEs and its easy to get competitive advantage. Environmental Factors: climate changing, global warming, waste management could affect the business significantly. Sometimes its not easy to adopt with new environmental factors. In UK people are concern about environment. Its difficult to do business without concern about environment. It may increase the cost for small and medium business organisation as they have spend extra money for the waste management or recycling. Legal Factors: Current law and order in UK is very friendly for the business. Small and medium business organisation can get help for the local authority and police any time. The legal environment is secure and government has introduced business friendly law and regulation Affect on SME Growth: [P9] There will be certain affect on the SME growth. It has been shown through Porters Five Forces. Porters Five forces The model of pure competition implies that risk-adjusted rates of return should be constant across firms and industries. However, numerous economic studies have affirmed that different industries can sustain different levels of profitability; part of this difference is explained by industry structure. Michael Porter provided a framework that models an industry as being influenced by five forces. The strategic business manager seeking to develop an edge over rival firms can use this model to better understand the industry context in which the firm operates. Rivalry: In the traditional economic model, competition among rival firms drives profits to zero. But competition is not perfect and firms are not unsophisticated passive price takers. Rather, firms strive for a competitive advantage over their rivals. The intensity of rivalry among firms varies across industries, and strategic analysts are interested in these differences. It could create following cost for SMEs 1. A larger number of firms 2. Slow market growth 3. High fixed costs 4. High storage costs or highly perishable products 5. Low switching costs As there are large numbers of SMEs in UK the completive rivalry is very high which is affecting it. As because of London 2012 Olympic games the number of competitor will increase. Threat of Substitutes: In Porters model, substitute products refer to products in other industries. To the economist, a threat of substitutes exists when a products demand is affected by the price change of a substitute product. A products price elasticity is affected by substitute products as more substitutes become available, the demand becomes more elastic since customers have more alternatives. A close substitute product constrains the ability of firms in an industry to raise prices In UK the threat of Substitutes are very high. For SMEs they have to take quick decision regarding substitutes. Its also affecting SMEs. Buyer Power: The power of buyers is the impact that customers have on a producing industry. In general, when buyer power is strong, the relationship to the producing industry is near to what an economist terms a monophony a market in which there are many suppliers and one buyer. Under such market conditions, the buyer sets the price. In reality few pure monopolies exist, but frequently there is some asymmetry between a producing industry and buyers. The following tables outline some factors that determine buyer power. In UK the buying power of customers are more and they have got more choice. In order to get more customers all the SMEs has to provide excellent customer service. As London hosting Olympic 2012 games its good for the SMEs that the number of Buyer will increase. Supplier Power: A producing industry requires raw materials labour, components, and other supplies. This requirement leads to buyer-supplier relationships between the industry and the firms that provide it the raw materials used to create products. Suppliers, if powerful, can exert an influence on the producing industry, such as selling raw materials at a high price to capture some of the industrys profits. The following tables outline some factors that determine supplier power. Like other big business supplier has got some power to influence the SMEs. Due to Olympic London 2012 number of SMEs will increase and if the supplier has got more power they may increase the price of the produced which may seriously affect the SMEs. Threat of Entry: It is not only incumbent rivals that pose a threat to firms in an industry; the possibility that new firms may enter the industry also affects competition. In theory, any firm should be able to enter and exit a market, and if free entry and exit exists, then profits always should be nominal. In reality, however, industries possess characteristics that protect the high profit levels of firms in the market and inhibit additional rivals from entering the market. These are barriers to entry Lets have a look its easy to enter into the market what will happen to SMEs and its difficult then what will happen: Due the London 2012 Olympic the threat of new entry will increase significantly which may affect lots of SMEs. We can easily realise the situation of UK. From the analysis we can say that UK the Competitor rivalry is very high, so that every day lots of small business organisations are closing down. Also buying power of customer is very high and supplier power also involved with this. Due to London 2012 Olympic the buying power, supplier power and rivalry will be very high. Existing SMEs have to take preparation for that now onwards. They have take plan in order to maximise the profit during the London Olympic 2012. Reference ïÆ'Ëœ http://www.londonnet.co.uk/ln/guide/about/olympics2012_stakeholders.html ïÆ'Ëœ http://www.london2012.com/plans/olympic-park/getting-ready/environmental-monitoring.php ïÆ'Ëœ http://getsmaart.com/student-guides/index.php/student-life-advice/London_2012_Update ïÆ'Ëœ http://www.wirednewyork.com/forum/showthread.php?t=6580page=53 ïÆ'Ëœ http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/othersports/article-413426/Coe-London-wont-grind-halt-Olympic-Games.html ïÆ'Ëœ http://www.activedorset.org/site/index.php?/news/2012/transport_plan_for_the_london_2012_olympic_games_and_paralympic_games ïÆ'Ëœ http://blogstuck.com/sports-sports-more-sports/2012-london-olympics-jobs-why-should-england-host-the-olympics/3239/ ïÆ'Ëœ http://www.best-family-info.com/sports/4667-benefits-of-london-olympics-2012-london-olympics-2012-logo ïÆ'Ëœ http://www.bymnews.com/news/newsDetails.php?id=630 ïÆ'Ëœ http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/media/newscentre/archive/5410.aspx ïÆ'Ëœ http://www.le.state.ut.us/interim/2000/html/20001017OCCM.htm ïÆ'Ëœ http://www.pm.gov.pg/speeches/52-33rdindependeceanniversay